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Animal Structure And Function B > Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Components of male reproductive system

A

Paired testes = gamete production
Paired duct system (epididymis and deferent duct), urethra and accessory glands = duct system and transport media
Penis = delivery prepuce
Skin adaptations = prepuce and scrotum

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2
Q

Structure of the testes

A

Smooth, solid, ellipsoid organ
Epididymis = coiled portion of external duct system
Each testis separately suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord (deferent duct, vessels and nerves covered by peritoneum)

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3
Q

Tissue types in testicular parenchyma

A 
Seminiferous tubules (produce spermatozoa)
Interstitial tissue (tissue produce testosterone in Leydig cells)
Connective tissue for structural support
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4
Q

Features of seminiferous tubules

A

Where spermatogenic cells replicate and develop into spermatozoa. Two cell types - supporting cells (sertoli cells which provide nourishment and spermatogenic cells which undergo meiosis and develop into mature spermatozoa)

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5
Q

Passage of spermatozoa to external environment

A

Testis - efferent ductules - epididymal duct (head to tail) - ductus deferens - urethra - ejaculation

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6
Q

Describe process of testicular descent

A

Testes initially develop near the kidney and descend to external position soon before or after birth. Pass through inguinal canal and space in abdominal wall.

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7
Q

Purpose of the spermatic cord

A

Suspends each testis from abdomen and direct connection to abdominal cavity

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8
Q

Contents of the spermatic cord

A 
Arteries and veins
Lymphatic vessels
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Cremaster muscle
Ductus deferens
Connective tissue
Surrounding peritoneum
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9
Q

Features of the prostate

A

Accessory sex gland
Generally larger in intact animals and increase in size with age
Shrinks in castrated animals
Ducts from prostate open into urethra

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10
Q

The four accessory sex glands

A 
A Very Proud Boy
Ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
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11
Q

Features of the prostate

A

Compound (body) and diffuse (disseminate) parts
Thick connective tissue capsule
Relative proportion of each varies between species

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12
Q

Stallion accessory glands

A

Extensive ampulla
Vesicular glands
Well defined prostate body and reduced disseminate
Large bulbourethral glands

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13
Q

Bull accessory glands

A

Extensive ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Small prostate body and extensive disseminate
Small bulbourethral glands

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14
Q

Boar accessory glands

A

Very little ampulla tissue
Vesicular glands
Small prostate body and extensive disseminate
Large bulbourethral glands

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15
Q

Dog accessory glands

A

Ampullary glands
No vesicular glands
Well defined prostate body and reduce disseminate
No bulbourethral glands

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16
Q

What is the root of the penis composed of?

A

Firmly affixed to pelvis via legs (crura)

Muscular and erectile tissue

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17
Q

What is the body of the penis composed of?

A

Erectile tissue

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18
Q

What is the apex of the penis composed of?

A

Erectile tissue and bone in dog (os penis)

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19
Q

Features of a musculocavernous (vascular) penis

A

Extensive cavernous spaces
Connective tissue capsule contains smooth muscle
Increased diameter and length on erection

20
Q

Features of a fibroelastic penis

A

Limited cavernous spaces
Thick connective tissue capsule with no smooth muscle
Increase in rigidity but not length or diameter
Sigmoid flexure in penis
Increase in APPARENT length of penis

21
Q

Two layers of the prepuce

A 
Internal lamina
External lamina (hairy)
22
Q

Cervix marks the junction of…

A

Junction between uterus and vagina. Highly muscular.

23
Q

Funnel-shaped organ covering ovaries?

A

Infundibulum

24
Q

Animals with monovular ovaries?

A

Cow, Horse

25
Q

Animals with polyovular ovaries?

A

Sow

26
Q

Layers of the genital tract

A

Mucosal tunic - inner layer
Muscular tunic - middle tunic
Serosal (adventitial) layer - outer tunic

27
Q

Composition of the mucosal tunic (inner tunic)?

A

Longitudinal folds in oviduct and non-gravid uterus

28
Q

Composition of the muscular tunic (middle tunic)?

A

Two muscle layers, inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
Separated by highly vascular layer

29
Q

Composition of the serosal (adventitial) layer - outer tunic?

A

Composed of peritoneum, covering surface of oviduct, uterus and part of vagina

30
Q

Features of the infundibulum?

A

Thin-walled funnel cranial extremity of the oviduct, free-edge of funnel ragged and comes into contact with ovary, captures ovum

31
Q

Features of the oviduct

A

Narrow and flexuous tube
Fertilisation occurs in oviduct
Joins apex of horn of uterus at uterotubual junction

32
Q

Shape of uterus in domestic species?

A

Y-shaped (bicornucate) with paired uterine horns

33
Q

Two layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium (mucosal layer) - uterine glands present which provide nourishment for embryo
Myometrium (fibromuscular layer)

34
Q

What are caruncles?

A

Permanent elevations in uterus marking sites of embryonic attachment

35
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Ringlike space where the cervix intrudes into the vagina

36
Q

Boundaries of the vagina?

A

Cervix to the entrance of the urethra (urethral orifice)

37
Q

Boundaries of the vestibule?

A

Urethral orifice to external vulva. Dorsally bound by connective tissue to rectum. Ventrally bound to urethra. Distensible in length and width.

38
Q

Peritoneal investments and attachments?

A

Genital system suspended from dorsolateral wall by paired broad ligaments

39
Q

Foetal component of the placenta

A

Chorion

40
Q

Maternal component of the placenta derived from?

A

Maternal endometrium

41
Q

Role of the placenta

A

Provides metabolic requirements of foetus
Removes waste
Prevents mixing of foetal and maternal blod
Hormone production

42
Q

Outer uterine cavity

A

Allantoic cavity

43
Q

Inner uterine cavity

A

Amniotic cavity

44
Q

What are caruncles?

A

Uterine elevations of endometrial surface. Constant in number. Increase in size as pregnancy progresses.

45
Q

Caruncle + Cotyledon =

A

Placentome

46
Q

Mammary gland consists of…

A

Glandular tissue (parenchyma)
Fatty infiltrates
Fibrous tissue framework

Animal Structure And Function B (3 decks)

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