Reproductive Flashcards
MC breast cancer
Ductal carcinoma (85%)-
Infiltrating Intraductal Carcinoma (IIC) 80%
USPSTF guidelines for breast cancer screening in women with average risk factors
Mammo q2yrs at 50-74y/o
USPSTF guidelines for mammography screening in a woman with increased risk factors
q2years from age 40 or 10 yrs prior to primary relative dx
Recommendations for clinical breast exam screening in women with average risk factors
Clinical breast exam q3 years in women age 20-39 years then annually after age 40
tx for galactorrhea caused by pituitary adenoma
dopamine agonist (lowers prolactin):
bromocriptine
or
cabergoline
tx for gynecomastia caused by hypogonadism
danazol
chronic eczematous itchy, scaling rash on the nipples and areola
Pagets disease of the breast
which breast cancer is often bilateral
Infiltrating lobular
red swollen, warm and itchy breast often with nipple retraction and peau d’orange (NO LUMP)
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
tx options for breast cancer
- Lumpectomy + radiation/chemo
- Anti-estrogen Tamoxifen (ER+)
- Aromatase inhibitors (postmenopausal ER+)
- Monoclonal AB treatment (HER2+)
breast cancer prevention in high risk patients
SERM: Tamoxifen or Raloxifene can be used in postmenopausal or women > 35 with high risk – treat for 5 years.
what is the most carcinogenic HPV type?
16 (causes 55-60% of all cervical cancers)
18 is next MC
which HPV types cause anogenital warts
6 and 11
what is a negative about spermicides
increased risk of HIV
MC type of endometrial cancer
adenocarcinoma
what is a cystocele
bladder prolapse into ANTERIOR vagina
what is a enterocele
Pouch of douglas (small bowel) into the UPPER vagina
What is a rectocele
rectom herniates into POSTERIOR DISTAL vagina
Ovarian cysts less than what size are most likely functional and will spontaneously resolve
< 8cm
what is the MC type of ovarian cancer
90% epithelial
(germ cell seen in patients <30y/o)
what lab value do you use to monitor tx of ovarian cancer
CA-125
What is the MC benign ovarian neoplasm?
tx?
Dermoid cystic teratoma
Tx= removal
MCC type of vaginal cancer?
If DES exposure in utero?
squamous cell
DES exposure= Clear cell
What is the MC presentation of vulvar cancer
pruritis
What is a complication of PID involving the liver
Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome (RUQ pain due to perihepatitis or liver capsule involvement)
-“Violin string adhesions” on the anterior liver surface
increase of what bacteria is seen in BV
Gardnerella vaginalis
Thin, watery, Grey-white discharge
BV
pH of BV vs Trich vs Candida
BV= >5
Trich= <5
Candida= nml (3.8-4.2)
FROTHY yellow green discharge
Trichomoniasis
Strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
Tx for trich and BV
Metronidazole
There is decrease in what bacteria in BV
Lactobacilli
(regulates pH- this is why pH is higher in BV)
condylomata acuminata vs condyloma lata
acuminata= genital warts
lata= seconday syphillis
Infertility- when should you check progesterone level?
Luteal phase (day 21) progesterone level
if the progesterone level < 3 ng/ml on day 21= no ovulation
how much weight should be gained during pregnancy
20-35 lbs: average weight women
40-45 lbs: underweight women
10-15 lbs: overweight women
What are the 3 stages of delivery
First stage: onset of labor–> fully dilated (10 cm)
Second stage: fully dilated–> birth
Third stage: delivery–> delivery of the placenta
What measurement on NT indicates trisomy
>3.5 mm
