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my step1 > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

worts most invasibe and most common breast tumor

A

invasive ductal

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2
Q

most common testicular tumor

A

seminoma

  • fried egg apariencie
  • equivalent to woman dysgerminoma
  • increase ALP
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3
Q

most common testicular tumor in boys

A

yolk sack tumor(endodermal sinus) -

  • schiller duval bodies resemble primitive glomeruli
  • increase AFP
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4
Q

most common testicular cancer in old man

A

testicular lymphoma

  • -not a primary cancer -its a met tot he testes.
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5
Q

mutation in sonic headgehog gene

A

holoprosencephaly

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6
Q

Mutation FGF gene

A

ACHONDROPLASIA stimulates mitosis providing lengthening of limbs

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7
Q

homeobox genes

A

segmental organizxation of the embrio apprendages in wrong locations

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8
Q

develoment stage at moment of implantation

A

BLASTOCYST (week1) day 7

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9
Q

proces that form the trilaminar embryonic disc

A

GASTRULATION -epiblas invaginating to form the primitive streak

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10
Q

ECTODERM DERIVATES

A

SUFACE ECTODERM

NEUROECTODERM

NEURAL CREST

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11
Q

NEURAL CREST DERIVATES

A
  • PNS(dorsal root ganglia,craneal nerves,celial ganglion,schwann cells, ANS)
  • melanocytes
  • chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
  • parafollicular (C) cells fo thyroid
  • pia and arachnoid
  • bones of skull
  • odontoblasts
  • aorticopulmonary septum
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12
Q

medosemal defects

A

VACTERL

  • vertebral defects
  • anal atresia
  • cardiac defects
  • tracheo esophageal fistula
  • renal defects
  • limb defects(bone and muscle)
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13
Q

organoenesis

A

Week 3-8

  • before week 3 =all or none
  • after week 8= growth and function affected
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14
Q

monocygotic twins

A

1 fertilized egg

  • <day>
    <li>4-8day=monochorionic diamniotic</li>
    <li>8-12=monochorinonic monoamniotic</li>
    <li>&gt;13 day=mono mono SIAMESES</li>
    </day>

</day>

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15
Q

umbilical arteries and veins are derivad from?

A

ALLANTOIS

it becomest the urachus(duct between fetal bladder and yolk salK)

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16
Q

urachal cyst

A

can leat to adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

meconium discharge from umbilicus

A

vitelline fistula

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18
Q

ectopic gastric mucosa and/or pancreatic tessiue

A

meckel diverticulum

(onphalomesenteric duct defect)

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19
Q

allantoid give rise to->

vitelline duct gives rise to–>

A

allantoid=urachus (week 3)

vitelline duct=onphalomesenteric duct(week 7)

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20
Q

4th aoritc arch derivatives

A
  • left=aortic arch
  • right=proximal part of the right sunclavia artery
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21
Q

6 th aortic arch derivatives

A
  • proximal part of the pulmonary arteries
  • ductus arteriosus
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22
Q

branchial cleft cyst withi lateral neck

A

Persistent cervical sinus

failure to obliterated 2th-4th brachial cleft by the 2th brachial arch

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23
Q

first arch neural crest fails to migrate.->mandibular hypoplasia,facila abnormlalities

A

Treacher Collin Syndrome

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24
Q

2 arch defect

A

Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

-presistence of cleft and pouch->fistula between tonsilar area and lateral neck

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25
Q

Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches

A

DiGeorge syndrome (t22:11)

3rd pouch

  • no thymes,no T-cells and hypocalmeia(no inferor parathyroid)

4th pouch

  • (no superior parathyroids)
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26
Q

failure to fuse of the maxillary and medial nasal processes

A

cleft lip

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27
Q

failure of fusion of the two lateal palatine processes or failure of lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum

A

cleft palate

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28
Q

SRY gene on Y=

sertoli cells secrete MIF=

Leydig cells=

A

SRY gene on Y=testes determinating factor

sertoli cells secrete MIF=suppresses develoment of paramesonephric ducts

Leydig cells=stimulare mesonephric duct

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29
Q

Paramesonephric (mullerian)duct derivatives

A

Paramesonephric (mullerian)duct derivatives

  • fallopian tubes
  • uterus
  • upper portions of vagina(lower portion from urogenital sinus)
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30
Q

mesonephric (wolffian) ducts derivates

A

Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts derivates

male internal structures

  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • ejaculatory duct
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31
Q

male internal genitalia,

ambigous external genitalia until puberty(when increase in testosterone levels cause masculinization)

A

5 a-reductase deficiency

32
Q

male external genitalia and prostate depends on?

A

DHT

33
Q

whats the female counterpart

bulbourethral glans(cowper)=>

prostate=>

A

bulbourethral glans(cowper)=>bartholin

prostate=>skenes glands

34
Q

faulty position of the genital tubercle

A

epistapadias

35
Q

failure of urethral folds to close(in female uretharl folds give rise to the labia minora)

A

hypospadias

36
Q

most common site of cervical cancer

A

squamo colummnar junction

37
Q

urethra injury

pelvic fracture?

staddle injures?

A

pelvic fracture= posterior urethra injury(prostetc and membranous)

staddle injures=anterior uretra(bubar and penile)

38
Q

estrongen potency

A

Estradio(ovary)>estrone(fat)>estriol(placenta)

39
Q

transient mid-cycle ovulatory pain;associated with peritoneal irritation

A

MITTELSCHMERZ

(can mimic appendicitis)

40
Q

estrogenn surge then stimulates LH release

A

ovulation

41
Q

implantation

A

1 week after fertilization

3 weeks after last mestrual period

HCG levelr reaises, detectable in blood 1 week after conception, home test in urine 2 weeks after conception.

42
Q

breastfeeding benefits

A

child:

  • less asthma,allergies,DM and obesity

maternal:

  • decreses maternal risk for brest and ovarian cancer.

Bouth:

  • facilitates mother-child bonding
43
Q

homonal changes in menopause

A

onset at 51

INCREASE IN FSH(specific for menopause)

44
Q

how much time does full development of espermatocytes takes?

A

2 months

45
Q

testicular atrophy,eunuchoid body shape,tall,long extremities,gynecomastia,female hair distribution

A

Klinefelter syndrome XXY

meiosis II non-disjuntion of the sex chromosomes in one of the parents.

increse FSH and LH

46
Q

maternal virilization during pregnancy

A

Aromatase deficiency of the baby

46xx qith ambiguous genitalia

increase testosterones and androstenediones

47
Q

abnormal placental spiral arteries,results in maternal endothelial dysfunction,vasoconstriction or hyperrreflexia

A

PRECLAMSIA

BP 140/90 with proteinuria >300mg/24hr

48
Q

postcoital vaginal bleeding

A

highly sugestive of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

HPV16 and 18(koilocytes)

E6 and E7 inhibits p53 suppresor gene

49
Q

endometritis treatment

A

genta +clinda

50
Q

most common gynecologic malignancy

A

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

  • risk factors
  • Hypertention
  • obesidy
  • nuliparity
  • DM
  • anobulatory cycles
51
Q

gynecologic tumor epidemiology

A

USA

Endometrial>ovarian>cervical

52
Q

most common cause of infertility in women

A

PCOS(stein-leventhal syndrome)

  • Increse in LH due to pituitay/hypothalamic dysfunction.
  • LH:FSH,3:1, increase testoterone increase estrogen(from aromatization)
53
Q

most common ovarian neoplasm

A

serous cystoadenoma.

54
Q

thyroid tissue containing ovarian cyst

A

struma ovarii

55
Q

bladder tissue containing ovarian neoplasm

A

brenner tumor

  • coffee bean nuclei
56
Q

ovarina fibroma

ascitis

hydrothorax

A

MEIGS SYNDROME

57
Q

call-exner bodies(resemble premordial follciles)

abnormal uterine bleeding

sexual precosity(in preadolescents)

A

GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR

58
Q

ovarina neoplasm with psammoma bodies

A

serous cystoadenocarcinoma

BCRA-1 mutation(ovarian,breast and fallopian tube)

59
Q

ovarin tumor

uniform fried egg cells

HCG and LDH

A

Dysgerminoma

  • most common in adolest
  • equivalent to male seminoma
60
Q
A
61
Q

breast dimpling

A

suspensory ligament envoltment

62
Q

peau d orange breast

A

lymphatic blockade by cancer cells

INFLAMMATORY subtype

63
Q

blocks alpha1d prostate especific (does not affect blood pressure)

A

Tamsulosine

64
Q

testicular tumor with reinke crystals that produces androgens

A

LEYDIG CELL TUMOR

androgens get converted to estrogens by aromatase =gycomastia.

65
Q

why does exogenous estrogens cause thrombi

A

they inhibit antitrombin III

66
Q

breat estronge inhibitor

uterine and bone estrogen agonist

A

tamoxyfen

thromboembolic events

breast cancer

67
Q

bone estrogen agonist

uterus estrogen inhibitor

A

Raloxifen

increase thromboembolic events

68
Q
A
69
Q

Structure that pases through the inguinal cannal but is not within the spermatic cord

A

ILIOINGUINAL NERVE

(arises from L1)

  • supplies cutanepus sensation to the scrotumb/labia and medial aspect of the thigh.
70
Q

female baby masculinization of her genitalia with hypotention

A

21 alpha hydroxilase deficiency

  • results in a total lack of synthesis of aldosterone or cortisol, so that all intermediates generate androgen synthesis,leading to elevation of adrogens and masculinization of tissue
71
Q

specialized organelled that storages oxytocyn

A

Herring bodies

  • oxyocyn is made in the paraventricualr nucleous of the hypothalamus tranported by neurophysins to be finally storage in the herring bodies of the nuerohypofisis cells.
72
Q

only bacteria with sterols int he membrane

no pepetidoglican on cell wall

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

P1 protein=inhibit cilia

73
Q

test for bacterias captusle

A

cualin test

74
Q

lacking enzyme in obligate anaerobious

A

CAT and SOD

75
Q
A

my step1 (9 decks)

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