Reproductive Flashcards

(75 cards)

1
Q

worts most invasibe and most common breast tumor

A

invasive ductal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common testicular tumor

A

seminoma

  • fried egg apariencie
  • equivalent to woman dysgerminoma
  • increase ALP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common testicular tumor in boys

A

yolk sack tumor(endodermal sinus) -

  • schiller duval bodies resemble primitive glomeruli
  • increase AFP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common testicular cancer in old man

A

testicular lymphoma

  • -not a primary cancer -its a met tot he testes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mutation in sonic headgehog gene

A

holoprosencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mutation FGF gene

A

ACHONDROPLASIA stimulates mitosis providing lengthening of limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homeobox genes

A

segmental organizxation of the embrio apprendages in wrong locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

develoment stage at moment of implantation

A

BLASTOCYST (week1) day 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

proces that form the trilaminar embryonic disc

A

GASTRULATION -epiblas invaginating to form the primitive streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ECTODERM DERIVATES

A

SUFACE ECTODERM

NEUROECTODERM

NEURAL CREST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NEURAL CREST DERIVATES

A
  • PNS(dorsal root ganglia,craneal nerves,celial ganglion,schwann cells, ANS)
  • melanocytes
  • chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
  • parafollicular (C) cells fo thyroid
  • pia and arachnoid
  • bones of skull
  • odontoblasts
  • aorticopulmonary septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

medosemal defects

A

VACTERL

  • vertebral defects
  • anal atresia
  • cardiac defects
  • tracheo esophageal fistula
  • renal defects
  • limb defects(bone and muscle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organoenesis

A

Week 3-8

  • before week 3 =all or none
  • after week 8= growth and function affected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

monocygotic twins

A

1 fertilized egg

  • <day>
    <li>4-8day=monochorionic diamniotic</li>
    <li>8-12=monochorinonic monoamniotic</li>
    <li>&gt;13 day=mono mono SIAMESES</li>
    </day>

</day>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

umbilical arteries and veins are derivad from?

A

ALLANTOIS

it becomest the urachus(duct between fetal bladder and yolk salK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

urachal cyst

A

can leat to adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

meconium discharge from umbilicus

A

vitelline fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ectopic gastric mucosa and/or pancreatic tessiue

A

meckel diverticulum

(onphalomesenteric duct defect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

allantoid give rise to->

vitelline duct gives rise to–>

A

allantoid=urachus (week 3)

vitelline duct=onphalomesenteric duct(week 7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4th aoritc arch derivatives

A
  • left=aortic arch
  • right=proximal part of the right sunclavia artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

6 th aortic arch derivatives

A
  • proximal part of the pulmonary arteries
  • ductus arteriosus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

branchial cleft cyst withi lateral neck

A

Persistent cervical sinus

failure to obliterated 2th-4th brachial cleft by the 2th brachial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

first arch neural crest fails to migrate.->mandibular hypoplasia,facila abnormlalities

A

Treacher Collin Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 arch defect

A

Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

-presistence of cleft and pouch->fistula between tonsilar area and lateral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches
**DiGeorge syndrome (t22:11)** 3rd pouch * no thymes,no T-cells and hypocalmeia(no inferor parathyroid) 4th pouch * (no superior parathyroids)
26
failure to fuse of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
cleft lip
27
failure of fusion of the two lateal palatine processes or failure of lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum
cleft palate
28
SRY gene on Y= sertoli cells secrete MIF= Leydig cells=
SRY gene on Y=testes determinating factor sertoli cells secrete MIF=suppresses develoment of paramesonephric ducts Leydig cells=stimulare mesonephric duct
29
**Paramesonephric (mullerian)duct derivatives**
**Paramesonephric (mullerian)duct derivatives** * fallopian tubes * uterus * upper portions of vagina(lower portion from urogenital sinus)
30
**mesonephric (wolffian) ducts derivates**
**Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts derivates** **male internal structures** * epididymis * ductus deferens * seminal vesicles * ejaculatory duct
31
male internal genitalia, ambigous external genitalia until puberty(when increase in testosterone levels cause masculinization)
5 a-reductase deficiency
32
male external genitalia and prostate depends on?
DHT
33
whats the female counterpart bulbourethral glans(cowper)=\> prostate=\>
bulbourethral glans(cowper)=\>bartholin prostate=\>skenes glands
34
faulty position of the genital tubercle
epistapadias
35
failure of urethral folds to close(in female uretharl folds give rise to the labia minora)
hypospadias
36
most common site of cervical cancer
squamo colummnar junction
37
urethra injury pelvic fracture? staddle injures?
pelvic fracture= posterior urethra injury(prostetc and membranous) staddle injures=anterior uretra(bubar and penile)
38
estrongen potency
Estradio(ovary)\>estrone(fat)\>estriol(placenta)
39
transient mid-cycle ovulatory pain;associated with peritoneal irritation
MITTELSCHMERZ | (can mimic appendicitis)
40
estrogenn surge then stimulates LH release
ovulation
41
implantation
1 week after fertilization 3 weeks after last mestrual period HCG levelr reaises, detectable in blood 1 week after conception, home test in urine 2 weeks after conception.
42
breastfeeding benefits
child: * less asthma,allergies,DM and obesity maternal: * decreses maternal risk for brest and ovarian cancer. Bouth: * facilitates mother-child bonding
43
homonal changes in menopause
onset at 51 INCREASE IN FSH(specific for menopause)
44
how much time does full development of espermatocytes takes?
2 months
45
testicular atrophy,eunuchoid body shape,tall,long extremities,gynecomastia,female hair distribution
**_Klinefelter syndrome XXY_** meiosis II non-disjuntion of the sex chromosomes in one of the parents. increse FSH and LH
46
maternal virilization during pregnancy
**_Aromatase deficiency_** of the baby 46xx qith ambiguous genitalia increase testosterones and androstenediones
47
abnormal placental spiral arteries,results in maternal endothelial dysfunction,vasoconstriction or hyperrreflexia
PRECLAMSIA BP 140/90 with proteinuria \>300mg/24hr
48
postcoital vaginal bleeding
highly sugestive of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ HPV16 and 18(koilocytes) E6 and E7 inhibits p53 suppresor gene
49
endometritis treatment
genta +clinda
50
most common gynecologic malignancy
ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA * risk factors * Hypertention * obesidy * nuliparity * DM * anobulatory cycles
51
gynecologic tumor epidemiology
USA Endometrial\>ovarian\>cervical
52
most common cause of infertility in women
**_PCOS(stein-leventhal syndrome)_** * Increse in LH due to pituitay/hypothalamic dysfunction. * LH:FSH,3:1, increase testoterone increase estrogen(from aromatization)
53
most common ovarian neoplasm
serous cystoadenoma.
54
thyroid tissue containing ovarian cyst
struma ovarii
55
bladder tissue containing ovarian neoplasm
**brenner tumor** * coffee bean nuclei
56
ovarina fibroma ascitis hydrothorax
MEIGS SYNDROME
57
call-exner bodies(resemble premordial follciles) abnormal uterine bleeding sexual precosity(in preadolescents)
GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR
58
ovarina neoplasm with psammoma bodies
serous cystoadenocarcinoma BCRA-1 mutation(ovarian,breast and fallopian tube)
59
ovarin tumor uniform fried egg cells HCG and LDH
**Dysgerminoma** * most common in adolest * equivalent to male seminoma
60
61
breast dimpling
suspensory ligament envoltment
62
peau d orange breast
lymphatic blockade by cancer cells INFLAMMATORY subtype
63
blocks alpha1d prostate especific (does not affect blood pressure)
Tamsulosine
64
testicular tumor with reinke crystals that produces androgens
LEYDIG CELL TUMOR androgens get converted to estrogens by aromatase =gycomastia.
65
why does exogenous estrogens cause thrombi
they inhibit antitrombin III
66
breat estronge inhibitor uterine and bone estrogen agonist
tamoxyfen thromboembolic events breast cancer
67
bone estrogen agonist uterus estrogen inhibitor
**Raloxifen** increase thromboembolic events
68
69
Structure that pases through the inguinal cannal but is not within the spermatic cord
**ILIOINGUINAL NERVE** (arises from L1) * supplies cutanepus sensation to the scrotumb/labia and medial aspect of the thigh.
70
female baby masculinization of her genitalia with hypotention
**_21 alpha hydroxilase deficiency_** * results in a total lack of synthesis of aldosterone or cortisol, so that all intermediates generate androgen synthesis,leading to elevation of adrogens and masculinization of tissue
71
specialized organelled that storages oxytocyn
**_Herring bodies_** * oxyocyn is made in the paraventricualr nucleous of the hypothalamus tranported by neurophysins to be finally storage in the herring bodies of the nuerohypofisis cells.
72
only bacteria with sterols int he membrane no pepetidoglican on cell wall
mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 protein=inhibit cilia
73
test for bacterias captusle
cualin test
74
lacking enzyme in obligate anaerobious
CAT and SOD
75