Reproductive Flashcards
define PRETERM BIRTH/PREMATURITY
birth before 37th week
what is the leading cause of death during the neonatal period
preterm birth
what do premature babies have greater risk for
cerebral palsy, intellectual developmental disorder, chronic lung disease, gastrointestinal problem, vision and hearing loss, & multisystem developmental delays
s/s: premature birth
little subcutaneous fat, palms & soles have few creases, prominent clitoris/undescended testes, can’t/weak swallow or sucking reflexes, underdeveloped lungs, immature neurologic systems, spontaneous apnea
cause: premature birth
incompetent cervix, bicornuate uterus, toxic conditions, maternal infection, trauma, premature rupture of amniotic membranes, history of previous miscarriages, multiple gestations, intrauterine fetal delayed growth, substance abuse, other
treatment: premature birth
iV fluids, hyperalimentation, oxygen support
what is a primary risk for premature infants
cerebral bleeding
how to prevent premature birth
no smoking/alcohol, bed rest, drug therapy, good nutrition, adequate prenatal care
define CRYPTORCHIDISM
one or both testicles fail to descend
sx: cryptorchidism
asymptomatic besides no testes
how is cryptorchidism diagnosed
inspection and palpation
tx: cryptorchidism
- surgery
- hormonal drug therapy
define PHIMOSIS
stenosis of foreskin causing inability to retract foreskin
sx: phimosis
- difficulty peeing
- difficulty cleaning area under prepuce of glans penis
- accumulation of secretions
how is phimosis diagnosed
visual exam and can’t slide prepuce over glans penis
tx: phimosis
- circumcision
- gently wash glans and prepuce w/soap and water and gently slide prepuce back on regular schedule
- topical steroid cream
define KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
male hypogonadism in males with at least 2 X chromosomes and one or more Y chromsome
what is the most common chromosome pattern in klinefelter syndrome
XXY
sx: Klinefelter syndrome
- small testes
- scant body hair
- exceptionally long legs
- above average height
- reduced muscle development
- infertility bc of azoospermia
- mild delay in language acquisition
- increased risk of behavior and learning disabilities
- intellectual impairment
- enlarged mammary glands
- osteoporosis/chronic pulmonary disease/autoimmune disease/breast cancer/ venous disease/tooth decay
cause of Klinefelter syndrome
nondisjunction during gamete formation
tx: Klinefelter syndrome
long-term hormone replacement & supplemental calcium
define TURNER SYNDROME
female chromosome disease with only 1 sex chromosome
what is the chromosome pattern of turner syndrome
XO
sx: turner syndrome
immature/absent ovaries, short stature/dwarfism, low-set ears, swollen hands and feet, webbing of neck, absence of sexual maturation, amenorrhea, sterility, cardiac and kidney defects, delayed speech and ambulation
what is the most common disorder of gonadal dysgenesis in females
turner syndrome
cause: turner syndrome
nondisjunction during gamete formation
tx: turner syndrome
estrogen & growth hormone, surgery, emotional support
