Reproductive

Question 1

define PRETERM BIRTH/PREMATURITY

Answer 1

birth before 37th week

Question 2

what is the leading cause of death during the neonatal period

Answer 2

preterm birth

Question 3

what do premature babies have greater risk for

Answer 3

cerebral palsy, intellectual developmental disorder, chronic lung disease, gastrointestinal problem, vision and hearing loss, & multisystem developmental delays

Question 4

s/s: premature birth

Answer 4

little subcutaneous fat, palms & soles have few creases, prominent clitoris/undescended testes, can’t/weak swallow or sucking reflexes, underdeveloped lungs, immature neurologic systems, spontaneous apnea

Question 5

cause: premature birth

Answer 5

incompetent cervix, bicornuate uterus, toxic conditions, maternal infection, trauma, premature rupture of amniotic membranes, history of previous miscarriages, multiple gestations, intrauterine fetal delayed growth, substance abuse, other

Question 6

treatment: premature birth

Answer 6

iV fluids, hyperalimentation, oxygen support

Question 7

what is a primary risk for premature infants

Answer 7

cerebral bleeding

Question 8

how to prevent premature birth

Answer 8

no smoking/alcohol, bed rest, drug therapy, good nutrition, adequate prenatal care

Question 9

define CRYPTORCHIDISM

Answer 9

one or both testicles fail to descend

Question 10

sx: cryptorchidism

Answer 10

asymptomatic besides no testes

Question 11

how is cryptorchidism diagnosed

Answer 11

inspection and palpation

Question 12

tx: cryptorchidism

Answer 12

• surgery
• hormonal drug therapy

Question 13

define PHIMOSIS

Answer 13

stenosis of foreskin causing inability to retract foreskin

Question 14

sx: phimosis

Answer 14

• difficulty peeing
• difficulty cleaning area under prepuce of glans penis
• accumulation of secretions

Question 15

how is phimosis diagnosed

Answer 15

visual exam and can’t slide prepuce over glans penis

Question 16

tx: phimosis

Answer 16

• circumcision
• gently wash glans and prepuce w/soap and water and gently slide prepuce back on regular schedule
• topical steroid cream

Question 17

define KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

Answer 17

male hypogonadism in males with at least 2 X chromosomes and one or more Y chromsome

Question 18

what is the most common chromosome pattern in klinefelter syndrome

Answer 18

XXY

Question 19

sx: Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 19

• small testes
• scant body hair
• exceptionally long legs
• above average height
• reduced muscle development
• infertility bc of azoospermia
• mild delay in language acquisition
• increased risk of behavior and learning disabilities
• intellectual impairment
• enlarged mammary glands
• osteoporosis/chronic pulmonary disease/autoimmune disease/breast cancer/ venous disease/tooth decay

Question 20

cause of Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 20

nondisjunction during gamete formation

Question 21

tx: Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 21

long-term hormone replacement & supplemental calcium

Question 22

define TURNER SYNDROME

Answer 22

female chromosome disease with only 1 sex chromosome

Question 23

what is the chromosome pattern of turner syndrome

Answer 23

XO

Question 24

sx: turner syndrome

Answer 24

immature/absent ovaries, short stature/dwarfism, low-set ears, swollen hands and feet, webbing of neck, absence of sexual maturation, amenorrhea, sterility, cardiac and kidney defects, delayed speech and ambulation

Question 25

what is the most common disorder of gonadal dysgenesis in females

Answer 25

turner syndrome

Question 26

cause: turner syndrome

Answer 26

nondisjunction during gamete formation

Question 27

tx: turner syndrome

Answer 27

estrogen & growth hormone, surgery, emotional support