Reproduction Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the earliest recognisable germ cell in females?

A

Primordial germ cell

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2
Q

Primary oocytes are formed after the 1st mitotic division. True/False?

A

False

1st MEIOTIC division!

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3
Q

What is a polar body in oogenesis?

A

Small haploid cell formed during meiotic divisions that is not able to be fertilised

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4
Q

What does the presence of 2 polar bodies imply?

A

Completion of 2nd meiotic division

Entry of sperm into egg

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5
Q

How long does the ovarian (menstrual) cycle normally last?

A

28 days

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6
Q

What are the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

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7
Q

What happens in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Maturation of ovum/preparation for ovulation

Ovulation signals end of follicular phase

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8
Q

What happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Post-ovulatory phase involving development of corpus luteum

Preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy if fertilisation occurs

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9
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

Layer of granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte that is capable of producing an ovum

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10
Q

What is a secondary follicle?

A

Differentiated follicle due to oocyte growth, resulting in some follicles undergoing ovulation (signalling end of follicular phase)

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11
Q

What happens to follicular cells left behind that are not part of ovulation?

A

Undergo luteinisation - transform into the corpus luteum

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12
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone

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13
Q

Oestrogen is secreted in the follicular phase of menstruation; progesterone is secreted in the luteal phase. What is the importance of these hormones to the reproductive tract?

A

Prepare uterine lining for implantation

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14
Q

How long does the corpus luteum grow for following ovulation?

A

8-9 days

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15
Q

If fertilisation does not occur, how long will the corpus luteum survive?

A

Survives no longer than 14 days

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16
Q

The degeneration of the corpus luteum signals the start of the next follicular phase of menstruation. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

Which hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to act on the anterior pituitary in hormonal control of the ovaries?

A

GnRH

18
Q

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary in the female gonadal axis?

A

LH

FSH

19
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Acts on ovary to stimulate production of follicles, and in turn stimulate oestradiol secretion

20
Q

What does LH do?

A

Acts on ovary to stimulate follicle maturation, ovulation and development of corpus luteum

21
Q

Describe levels of FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone during the follicular phase of menstruation

A
FSH rises (to recruit follicles)
Oestrogen rises (as follicles develop)
Oestrogen stimulates LH rise
LH peak just before ovulation
Progesterone rise after ovulation
22
Q

What is the purpose of oestradiol?

A

Thickens endometrium

Thins cervical mucus

23
Q

Oestrogen suppresses FSH production. True/False?

A

True

24
Q

What are the 3 main clinical signs of detecting ovulation?

A

High progesterone at day 21
High LH spike
Increase in temp. by 1 degree

25
Q

How does the corpus luteum “know” if fertilisation has taken place?

A

hCG production by the embryo at 12 days - if this doesn’t occur, corpus luteum degenerates

26
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

Remnant/degenerated corpus luteum