Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Reproduction Male and Female anatomy > Flashcards

Reproduction Male and Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 stages of sexual differentiation. Each stage is dependent on the previous.

A
  1. Chromosomal: XX (female), XY (male)
  2. Gonadal: Testis, Ovaries
  3. Phenotype: Male, Female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What role does sperm play in Chromosomal Sex Differentiation?

A

Sperm contributes either X or Y to determine sex at FERTILIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the undifferentiated precursor of the gonad?

A

Gonadal (Genital) Ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the gonadal (genital) ridge located next to?

A

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the precursor for oocytes and spermatazoa?

A

Gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do gametes develop from?

A

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do PGCs originate? Where do they travel?

A

Develop in Yolk Sac and migrate to Gonadal Ridge to become Primitive Sex Chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Embryology process

A

Primordial Germ Cells -> Primitive Sex Chord -> Gametes -> Oocyst or spermatazoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does embryo become fetus?

A

After Organogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does SRY stand for and what is it associated with?

A

Sex determining region of the Y chromosome. Involved in gonadal (testis) differentiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does SRY gene code for?

A

SRY protein/ Testis determining factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is involved in Testis Determination?

A

SRY gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is ovarian determination default?

A

No, requires some genes on X chromosome to be present. Needs more than just the absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First cells to develop from epithelium of gonadal ridge? Second cells?

A

Sertoli Cells

Ledig Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the sex chords develop into?

A

Seminiferous Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone do Sertoli cells produce? What effect does this hormone have?

A

Anti-Mullerian Hormone: develop Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Role of Sex Chords in Ovarian development?

A

Regress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 Hormone producing cells in female?

A

Theca and Granulosa Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the two ducts sytems in Sexual Development

A
  1. Mesonephric Duct (Wolfian duct)

2. Paramesonephric Duct (Mullerian duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Testosterone produce from Leydig cells develops what duct system?

A
  1. Mesonephric Duct (Wolfian Duct)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sertoli Cells produce Ani-Mullerian Hormone which regresses which duct system?

A

Paramesonephric Duct (Mullerian Duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 Specific structures that develop from the Mesonephric/Wolfian duct?

A
  1. Epididymus
  2. Urethra
  3. Deferent Ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 Specific structures that develop from the Paramesonephric/mullerian duct?

A
  1. Oviducts
  2. Uterus
  3. Cervix
  4. Cranial Vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 hormones produced by testes responsible for phenotypic sex?

A
  1. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), main player

2. Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Genital Tubercle becomes what in presence of DHT? Absence?

A

Penis

Clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Genital Swelling becomes what in presence of DHT? Absence?

A

Scrotum

Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Genital Folds become what in presence of DHT? Absence?

A

Close and fuse in male to close urethra

Don’t fuse

29
Q

Structures in male that may be present from Paramesonephric ducts?

A

Uterus masculinis = closed in secretions can form cysts and pyometra
Appendix Testis = no significance

30
Q

Where does fertilization occur in the female?

A

Oviducts

31
Q

What is the arrangement of cortex and medulla of ovary in majority of species?

A

Cortex on outside of medulla. Surface germinal epithelium entirely covers cortex. Ovulation occurs at surface germinal epithelium.

32
Q

What is unique about the horse ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium only in OVULATION FOSSA*

Medulla is on outside, cortex in the middle

33
Q

What type of uterine horns do Cows and Horses have?

A

Poorly developed bicornuate (poor fusion of paramesonephric ducts) horns

34
Q

What type of uterine horns do the Bitch, Queen and Sow have?

A

Highly developed bicornuate horns (less fusion)

for litters

35
Q

What type of uterus do primates have?

A

Simplex (no fusion)

36
Q

Horn Shape in Mare?

A

Concave

37
Q

Horn Shape in Cow?

A

Convex

38
Q

Horn shape in Sow?

A

Convoluted

39
Q

Horn shape in Bitch?

A

Straight

40
Q

What is the utero-tubular junction?

A

Connection between the uterus and the oviduct. Prevents contents of the uterus entering the oviduct.

41
Q

What is special about cattle Utero-Tubular junction?

A

Oviduct is kinked by a ligament

42
Q

What is special about the mare Utero-Tubular junction?

A

Has oviductal papila:

Oviduct invaginates into uterus held in place by sphincter

43
Q

Another term from broad ligament

A

Mesometrium

44
Q

Mare cervix has what kind of folds?

A

Longitudinal endometrial folds

45
Q

All ruminants have what type of placental attachments?

A

Caruncles and cotyledons

46
Q

What structures prevent loss of oocytes in Sows and Bitches

A

Ovarian Bursa/mesosalpinx and infundibulum

47
Q

The Ewe and Cow (all ruminants) have what within their Cervices?

A

Cervical rings

48
Q

What special feature of the cervix do Sows have?

A

Interdigitating prominences

49
Q

Bitch has what in cervix?

A

Vaginal folds

50
Q

Shape of mare vulva commisures

A

Dorsal is sharp, ventral is round

51
Q

Shape of cow, ewe, bitch and queen vulva commisures

A

Dorsal is round, ventral is sharp

52
Q

2 functions of epididymides

A
  1. Sperm maturation

2. Sperm Transport

53
Q

Bulls and ram testis and tail of epididymus orientation

A

Testis are vertical

Tail of epididymis ventral

54
Q

Stallion and Tom Cat testis and tail of epididymis orientation

A

Testis are horizontal

Tail of epididymus is caudal

55
Q

Dog and Boar testis and tail of epidiymis orientation

A

Testis are oblique

Tail of epididymus is dorso-caudal position

56
Q

4 layers of scrotum

A
  1. Skin
  2. Tunica Dartos: contracting ability
  3. Scrotal fascia: external and internal
  4. Vaginal tunics: parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis
57
Q

4 layers of testis

A
  1. Visceral vaginal tunic
  2. Tunica albuginea
  3. Seminiferous tubules
  4. Mediastinum testis: with efferent ducts and rete testis
58
Q

Proper ligament of the testis function

A

Hold tail of the epididymus to testis

59
Q

Ligament of the tail of the epididymis function

A

Hold epididymis to parietal vaginal tunic

60
Q

Efferent ducts function

A

connection between testis and epididymal ducts

61
Q

Passage of sperm to ductus deferens

A

Lobule -> Seminferous tubule -> Rete tubules -> Efferent ducts -> Ductus deferens

62
Q

What makes up the pampiniform plexus? Function?

A

Testicular vein, cool blood from 39 to 33 C for testis

63
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

thickening of the Ductus deferens

64
Q

Ram prostate?

A

disseminate within pelvic urethra

65
Q

What species has fibroelastic penis?

A

Bull, Boar, ram

66
Q

location of sigmoid flexure in bull

A

caudal to scrotum

67
Q

What species has a musculovascular penis?

A

Stallion, dog, tom cat

68
Q

location of sigmoid flexure in boar?

A

cranial to scrotum

69
Q

What happens to the free end of the bulls penis with erection?

A

Spiraling of glans penis

Reproduction (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions