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Reproduction > Pregnancy recognition > Flashcards

Pregnancy recognition Flashcards

1
Q

When must embryonic motility occur post ovulation in the mare to recognize pregnancy?

A

11-16 days post ovulation

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2
Q

Ruminants have what mechanism to deliver PGF to the ovary?

A

Counter current exchange

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3
Q

What is required for maternal recognition in the cow?

A

Interferon-tao

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4
Q

What is prevented when the conceptus signals its presence?

A

luteolysis

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5
Q

What hormone destroys the CL?

A

prostaglandin

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6
Q

What hormone maintains pregnancy?

A

progesterone

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7
Q

What secretes prostaglandin?

A

Endometrium

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8
Q

What is the mechanism for luteolysis? What hormones are involved?

A

estrogen -> makes oxytocin receptors -> oxytocin binds -> prostaglandin produced

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9
Q

What does progesterone block the synthesis of?

A

Oxytocin receptors

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10
Q

What hormone promotes synthesis of OTR?

A

estrogen

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11
Q

Species with CL as sole source of progesterone

A

Dog, Cat, pig, goat, llama

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12
Q

Species with CL and placenta as source of progesterone

A

horse, sheep and cow

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13
Q

What is the normal lifespan of the CL?

A

15-17 days

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14
Q

What part of the female body is responsible for luteolysis?

A

uterus near ovary

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15
Q

How does PGF get to the ovary in counter current exchange in all species but the mare?

A

Endometrium -> uteroovarian vein -> ovarian artery -> ovary

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16
Q

How does luteolysis occur in the horse? How does PGF get to the ovary?

A

PGF travels systemically

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17
Q

How does the mare recognize pregnancy?

A

movement of the conceptus

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18
Q

How do the cow and sow recognize pregnancy?

A

expansion of conceptus

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19
Q

What does interferon tao prevent? In what species?

A

Lutyeolysis in ruminants

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20
Q

How does interferon tao work in ruminants?

A

prevents endometrium from making estrogen. Estrogen therefore cannot make OTR. Oxytocin therefore cannot bind and make PGF2a

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21
Q

How long is the luteal phase in a non-pregnant cat

A

30-45 days (shorter due to lack of CL)

ovulation still occurs without conception

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22
Q

How long is the luteal phase in a pregnant cat?

A

62-65 days

23
Q

Why is the luteal phase longer in the pregnant cat?

A

Conceptus makes relaxin which stimulates prolaxin which supports CL

24
Q

Fetal membranes towards maternal

A

Yolk sac: nutrition
Amnion: protection and waste
Allantois: blood supply for chorion
Chorion: gas exchange

25
Q

4 roles of placenta

A
  1. nutrients
  2. gas exchange
  3. protection
  4. stores waste
26
Q

Caruncle + cotyledon

A

Placentome

27
Q

What species have a diffuse placenta? (diffuse contact zone)

A

Mare and sow

28
Q

What species have a cotyledonary contact of placenta?

A

Cow and ewe

29
Q

What species have a zonary placental contact?

A

Dog and cat

30
Q

What are the 6 layers separating maternal and fetal

A

endothelium - CT - epithelium - epithelium - CT - endothelium

31
Q

What species have epithelialchorial layers

A

horse, pig, cow, sheep and goats

32
Q

activation of fetal HPA (hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in an increase in fetal what?

A

ACTH and CRH

cortisol

33
Q

fetal cortisol promotes synthesis of what?

A

PGF2a

and lungs

34
Q

fetal cortisol converts what hormone into what hormone?

A

progesterone into estradiol

35
Q

what does PGF2a cause besides CL regression?

A

myometrial contractions

36
Q

what is the role of relaxin?

A

softens female tract to ease parturition

37
Q

Ferguson reflex

A

oxytocin causes contractions which releases more oxytocin

38
Q

Liggins contribution

A

fetuses control timing of parutrition

39
Q

3 stages of parturition

A

1: preparation: contractions, cervical dilation
2: fetal expulsion
3: expulsion of fetal membranes

40
Q

what does PGE from the placenta cause?

A

stimulates fetal ACTH secretion

41
Q

Puerperium

A

fetal delivery until complete uterine involution

42
Q

define lochia

A

normal postpartum debris and fluids passed with little odor

43
Q

In the cow
Metestrus structure
Diestrus structure
proestrus structure

A 
Met = CH
Diestrus = CL
Pro = CA
44
Q

Selected follicles secrete what 2 hormones?

A

Estradiol (help to make PGF2a)

Inhibin: negative feedback on FSH

45
Q

What does progesterone have a negative feedback on?

A

LH and FSH

46
Q

Low amounts of estradiol feedback?

Large amounts of estradiol feedback?

A 
Low = negative feedback on FSH (some LH)
High = positive on LH, cause surge
47
Q

in ruminants what produces PGF2a?

A

endometrium

48
Q

What makes interferon tao in the cow? What does INF-t do?

A

Trophoblast

Blocks estrogen receptor which blocks OTR

49
Q

1st uterine membrane seen

2nd uterine membrane seen

A
  1. allantois: brown

2. amniotic: clear

50
Q

When does ovulation occur in the horse?

A

24-48 hours before end of estrus

51
Q

When does the LH surge occur in horses?

A

after ovulation

52
Q

Horse follicle size

A

40mm

53
Q

small amount of estrogen produced in mares during the winter by what?

A

adrenal gland

Reproduction (5 decks)

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