Reproduction In Humans

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Involves two cells (gametes), has genetic variation, fertilisation occurs, slower

Question 2

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Involves one cell, no genetic variation (clones), no fertilisation, faster

Question 3

What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Sexual:two cells, genetic variation, fertilisation, slower
Asexual:one cell, no genetic variation, no fertilisation, faster

Question 4

Define fertilisation

Answer 4

The fusion of a male and female gamete producing a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 5

Name 6adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 5

Many mitochondria, flagellum, nucleus, acrosome, head, mid section

Question 6

What is the use of mitochondria in the sperm cell

Answer 6

To release energy through respiration

Question 7

What is a acrosome

Answer 7

A bag of enzymes that allow the sperm to digest through the jelly protecting the egg cell

Question 8

What is the role of the nucleus in the sperm cell

Answer 8

Is a haploid nucleus meaning it on,y has one set of chromosomes. This is half the genetic material needed to make a zygote

Question 9

What are 6 egg cell adaptations

Answer 9

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, jelly, nucleus

Question 10

What is the role of the nucleus in a egg cell

Answer 10

A haploid nucleus meaning it has 1 set of chromosomes which is half the genetic material needed to make a zygote

Question 11

What is the role of jelly in the egg cell

Answer 11

Protects the egg cell

Question 12

What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle

Answer 12

Rebuilds the uterus lining,inhibits FSH (low concentrations), stimulates LH production (high concentrations)

Question 13

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle

Answer 13

Thickens and maintains the uterus lining, inhibits the release of FSH and LH

Question 14

Where is oestrogen made

Answer 14

Follicle in ovary

Question 15

Where is progesterone made

Answer 15

Corpus luteum in ovary

Question 16

What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle

Answer 16

Stimulates ovary to release oestrogen, stimulates maturation of a follicle containing an egg cell

Question 17

What is the role of LHduring the menstrual cycle

Answer 17

Stimulates follicle to burst and release the mature egg cell-ovulation

Question 18

Where is FSH made

Answer 18

Pituitary gland

Question 19

Where is LH made

Answer 19

Pituitary gland

Question 20

What is one role of the placenta during pregnancy

Answer 20

Allows Substances travel between the mum and the fetus through diffusion

Question 21

What substances pass from the mum to fetus

Answer 21

Oxygen and glucose

Question 22

What substances pass from the fetus to the mum

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide, urine/urea

Question 23

What is the second role of the placenta

Answer 23

Acts as a filter to protect the fetus from pathogens in the mums blood

Question 24

What is the role of the amniotic fluid

Answer 24

Protects the fetus from physical knocks and bumps. Helps prevent pathogens from reaching the embryo

Question 25

What is the hormone that initiates puberty in males

Answer 25

Testosterone

Question 26

What is the hormone which initiates puberty in females

Answer 26

Oestrogen

Question 27

What are 3 male secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 27

Voice deepens, facial hair, sperm production starts

Question 28

What are 3 female secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 28

Menstrual cycle starts, breasts grow, hips widen

Question 29

What are 2 secondary sexual characteristics for both genders

Answer 29

Pubic and underarm hair, growth spurt

Question 30

Name the function of the oviduct

Answer 30

A tube lined with tiny hairs called cilia connecting the ovaries and the uterus. Carries eggs from ovaries to uterus

Question 31

What is the ovary

Answer 31

Produces the female gamete (ovum)

Question 32

What is the journey of the sperm to fertilise an egg

Answer 32

Through the vagina, cervix uterus and into the oviduct. The sperm swarm around egg and the head of sperm enters the egg, fertilisation occurs

Question 33

How to you calculate micrometers to millimetres

Answer 33

/1000

Question 34

How do you calculate millimetres to metres

Answer 34

/1000

Question 35

What is the order of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle

Answer 35

1. Pituitary gland secrets FSH 2. Egg follicle is stimulated by FSH 3. FSH stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen 4. Oestrogen repairs the lining of uterus, inhibits FSH production and stimulates LH 5. LH stimulates ovulation 6. Empty follicle called corpus luteum produces progesterone 7. Progesterone maintains the lining of the uterus and inhibits the release of FSH and LH 8. If egg is not fertilised progesterone is stopped producing and uterus lining breaks down

Question 36

What is ovulation

Answer 36

The release of the egg from ovary