Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Coordination And Response In Humans > Flashcards

Coordination And Response In Humans Flashcards

1
Q

How can animals increase their chance of survival

A

By responding to changes in their external environment e.g avoiding places of the wrong temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Homeostasis involves balancing body functions to maintain a constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is water lost from the body

A

-through the skin as sweat
-via the lungs in breath
-via the kidneys as urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does homeostasis affect body water content when hot

A

-during a hot day or exercise lots of sweat is produced bc when it evaporates it transfers energy from your skin to the environment cooling you down
-produce less urine but it will be more concentrated as your body prioritises conserving water
-when you exercise you are hotter so you will lose more water through your breath as you breathe faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does homeostasis affect body water content when cold

A

-when cold or no exercise you wont sweat much as you need to preserve heat
-you will produce more diluted urine as there is less loss of fluid through sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the optimum body temperature

A

37 degrees centigrade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does homeostasis maintain body temperature when too hot

A

-lots of sweat is produces, when it evaporated it transfers energy from from your skin to the environment cooling you down
-blood vessels supplying skin dialate (vasodialation) which means more blood flows closer to the surface. More heat is lost by radiation which cools you down
-erectors pili muscles relax causing hairs to lie flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does homeostasis maintain body temperature when too cold

A

-sweat glands produce less sweat, so less sweat evaporates which means less energy is transferred from the body to the surroundings
-blood vessels supplying the skin constrict (vasoconstriction) which means less blood flows closer to the surface. Less heat is lost by radiation which prevents you getting colder
-skeletal muscles contract causing shivering. This releases heat as the muscles are respiring at a higher rate
-pili muscles contract trapping a layer of heat that insulates the body and causing hairs to stand up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a stimulus

A

Any change in the internal or external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a coordinated response require

A

Stimulus, receptor and effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a receptor

A

Receptors detect stimuli. Receptors in the sense organs are groups of cells that detect external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are effectors

A

Cells that bring about a response to stimuli. They include muscles cells and cells found in glands eg pancreas. Effectors respond in different ways eg muscles contractions and glands secreting hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does receptors communicate with effectors

A

Via the central nervous system or the hormonal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the differences between nervous and hormonal communication

A

Nerves:very fast message, act for a short time, act on a very precise area
Hormones:slower message, act for a long time, act in a more general way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the source of adrenaline

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of adrenaline

A

Readies the body for fight or flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline

A

Increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles and blood sugar level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the source of insulin

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What oils the role of insulin

A

Helps control blood sugar levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the effect of insulin

A

Stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the source of testosterone

A

Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the role of testosterone

A

Main male sex hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the affects of testosterone

A

Promotes male secondary sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the source of progesterone

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the role of progesterone
Supports pregnancy
26
What is the effect of progesterone
Maintains the lining of the uterus
27
What is the source of oestrogen
Ovaries
28
What is the role of oestrogen
Main female sex hormone
29
What is the effect of oestrogen
Controls the menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary sexual characteristics
30
What is the source of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
Pituitary gland
31
What is the role of ADH
Controls water content
32
What is the effect of ADH
Increases the permeability of the kidney tubules to water
33
What is the source of FSH
Pituitary gland
34
What is the role of FSH
Female sex hormone
35
What is the effect of FSH
Causes an egg to mature in an ovary. Stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen
36
What is the source of LH
Pituitary gland
37
What is the role of LH
Female sex hormone
38
What is the effect of LH
Stimulates the release of an egg from an ovary
39
What are hormones
Chemicals produces in glands released directly into the blood which send information around the body.
40
What are the three mains types of neurones
Sensory, relay and motor
41
What does the central nervous system consist of
The brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves
42
What is the effect of stimulation of receptors in sense organs
Electrical impulses are sent into and out of the central nervous system via sensory neurones resulting in rapid responses
43
How do neurones transmit information
Using high speed electrical impulses bringing about very rapid responses
44
What is a synapse
The connection between two neurones
45
How are nerve signals transferred in synapses
-Nerve impulse arrives from axon of first neurone -vesicle with neurotransmitter fuses with membrane -neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic gap -neurotransmitter binds to receptors on membrane of second neurone -impulse started in second neurone -neurotransmitter is broken down by enzymes
46
Describe the functioning of a reflex arc when a person touches a candle
-the stimulus (touching the candle) is detected by receptors sending an impulse along a sensory neurone to the central nervous system -in the central nervous system, the sensory neurone passes on the message to the relay neurone via a synapse -relay neurone relay the impulse to a motor neurone via a synapse -the impulse travels along the motor neurone to the effector eg the muscle -the muscles contracts and moves hand away from muscle
47
What are the 13 parts of the eye
Sclera, choroid layer, retinue, cornea, conjunctiva, iris, pupil, fovea, blind spot, optic nerve, lens, suspensory ligaments, ciliary muscle
48
What is the function of the sclera
The tough outer layer surrounding the eye and protecting it from injury
49
What is the function of the choroid layer
Prevents the reflection of light rays inside eyeball. Contains blood vessels to provide retina with oxygen and glucose
50
What is the function of the retina
Layers of light receptors called rods and cones, at the back of the eye which send signals/images to the brain allowing you to see
51
What is the function of the cornea
Refracts light into the eye. Transparent and has to blood vessels to supply it with oxygen, so oxygen diffuses in from the outer surface
52
What is the function of the conjunctiva
Lubricates and protects the surface of the eye
53
What is the function of the iris
Controls the diameter of the pupil and therefore how much light enters the eye
54
What is the function of the fovea
Contains many cones responsible for the eyes sharp central vision
55
What is the function fo the blind spot
Where the optic nerve leaves the retina, light which comes to this point is unstable to form an image as there are no receptors
56
What is the function of the pupil
The hole in the middle of the eye which allows and regulates the flow of light to the retina
57
What is the function of the optic nerve
Carries impulses from the receptors to the brain
58
What is the function of the lens
Focuses light onto the retina
59
What is the function of the suspensory ligaments
A series of ligaments that connect the ciliary body of the eye with the lens keeping it in one place
60
What is the function of the ciliary muscle
Changes the shape of the lens of the eye to focus on objects at different distances
61
What type of organ is the eye
Sense organ
62
What is the name for the retina changing the shape of the lens
Accommodation
63
How does the eye focus on distant objects
-the ciliary muscle relaxes, which allows suspensory ligaments to pull tight -this make the lens go thin (less curved) -this means the lens refracts light by a smaller amount
64
How does the eye focus on near objects
-the ciliary muscle contracts which slackens the suspensory ligaments -the lens becomes fat (more curved) -this increases the amount that the lens refracts light
65
How does the iris adjust in very bright light
Circular muscles contract, radial muscles relax, pupils are constricted allowing less light in
66
How does the iris adjust in dim light
Circular muscles relax, radial muscles contract, pupils dilate allowing more light in

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions