Reproduction - Dog/Cat Flashcards
What holds the genetic information & where is it located?
Chromosomes in each cell
Spermatozoa
Define, where is it made?
Definition: Male reproductive cell
Made in the seminiferous tubules through spermatogenesis. Made in large numbers
Ova
Define, where is it made?
Definition: Female reproductive cell
Made in the ovarian follicles through oogenesis
Each female is born with a limited number
Define: Mitosis
Cell division that produces two daughter cells, each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell
Define: Meiosis
Cell division that produces cells that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
What are the 4 reproductive parts of the Endocrine System
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary
- Gonads
- Placenta
What are the 4 parts of the male reproductive system?
- Testes
- Accessory Glands
- Ducts
- External Genitalia
What is the purpose of the Testes?
Make spermatoza
What is the purpose of of the Accessory glands?
- Makes up the part of the semen that is not spermatozoa
- Produce fluids to help the sperm survive until they meet the ovum
What are the 3 types of accessory glands? What species do they apply to?
- Seminal Vesicle: domestic animals EXCEPT the dog/cat
- Prostate Gland: Only accessory gland in the dog
- Bulbourethral Gland: Domestic animals EXCEPT the dog
What are the 3 parts of the Ducts and their functions in the male reproductive system?
- Efferent ducts: Spermatozoa flows through to the epididymis
2: Vas Deferens: Moves sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
- Urethra: Moves sperm to the penis and out of the body
What are the 2 external genitalia in the male reproductive system, and their functions?
- Prepuce: Sheath of skin that encloses the penis
- Penis: unique to canine species, consists of roots, body, & glands
What are the 5 main functions of the Female reproductive system?
- Produce sex hormones
- Make Ova
- House embryo during growth and development
- Give birth
- Provide nutrition after birth
The 2 functions of the Ovaries
- Form ova
- Release estrogen and progesteron
The 2 functions of the Ovaries
- Form ova
- Release estrogen and progesterone
What is the function of the Oviduct
AKA: Fallopian Tubes. The tube the ova use to leave the ovaries
What is the function of the Uterus
Hollow organ where the fertilized egg attaches and develops
What is the function of the Cervix? Where is it located
- Located at the caudal end of the uterus, it is the valve that seals off the uterus
Define: Vagina
Canal for insemination and birth
Define: Vulva
What are the 3 parts?
Exterior portion consisting of the vestibule, labia, clitoris
Define: Polyestrous
2+ estrous cycles
Define: Seasonally polyestrous
Estrous cycles only during certain parts of the year
Define: Diestrous
Resting period between cycles
Define: Monoestrous
Single estrous cycle in a year
Define: Anestrus
Not ovulating, not sexually receptive
Define: Copulation
Act of breeding
When does copulation occur (what cycle)?
When female is in estrus
What occurs after copulation in the female body? (5 things)
- Capacitation: changes in the sperm while in the female’s reproductive tract
- Fertilization of the ovum: the creation of a zygote
- Cleavage: zygote splits into many cells
- Implantation: zygote implants into endometrium
- Placenta formation: begins when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterus