- Prolapsed gland of the third eyelid. - The gland should never be removed surgically or dry eye will occur. - The gland is typically replaced or “tacked down” surgically back under the third eyelid.

- Refers to the corner of the eye - Medial canthus is the corner toward the nose - Lateral canthus is the corner toward the ear

Opthamology Flashcards by Andrea Conniff

Define: Miosis

Small or constricted pupil

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Define: Mydriasis

Dilated pupil

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Define: Anisocoria

Different sized pupils (one pupil is larger or smaller than the other). May suggest trauma or neurologic disease

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Define: Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR)

Pupils should constrict in light and dilate in dark

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Define: Enucleation

Surgical eye removal (removing the globe)

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Define: Proptosis

An eye that has popped out of the socket

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Define: Hyphemia

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

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Define: Hypopion

Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

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Define: Entropion

Rolling in of the eyelids

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Define: Cherry eye

Prolapsed gland of the third eyelid.
The gland should never be removed surgically or dry eye will occur.
The gland is typically replaced or “tacked down” surgically back under the third eyelid.

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Define: Canthus

Refers to the corner of the eye
Medial canthus is the corner toward the nose
Lateral canthus is the corner toward the ear

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Define: Palpebrae

Proper name for eyelids

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What is the orbit?

The hole in which the eye sits surrounded and formed by the maxilla, zygomatic, frontal, and ethmoid bones

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What is the conjunctiva

Membrane that lines the insides ofthe eyelids and eye itself
It secretes mucus which helps to lubricate the eye

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What is the function of the lacrimal gland

To make tears which are secreted through the lacrimal duct
It is also connected to the nasal passage via the nasolacrimal duct

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What is the Third eyelid? Where is it located

The Nictitating membrane.
It is located near the medialcanthus and sometimes protrudes if the eye is painful, from trauma, or if the animal is sedated

Define: Sclera

White part of the eye

Define: Corena
3 facts

Forms the anterior part of the eye
- Clear and retracts light
- It has no vessels
- It is made up of 10 layers

Define: Uvea
What are the 3 parts that make it up + their function?

Definition: The vascular tunic

Made of:
1. The Choroid: Helps guard against glare

Ciliary body: Helps to focus the eye
Iris: The colored part of
the eye

Pupil:
- Location
- Function

Location: central part of Iris
Function: Light passes through it

Retina:
- Function
- Made of

Made of: Rods and cones (mostly rods in dogs, which are best suited for night vision)
Function: Forms images

Tapetum:
- Function

Reflective layer at the back of the eye which helps animals see in dim light

Fundus:
- Made of
- Location

Made of:
1. The optic disc (head of the optic nerve)
2. The neurosensory
3. Retina
4. Retinal pigment epithelium
5. Andchoroid

Location: Part of the posterior eye segment that is viewed with the ophthalmoscope

Lens:
- Define
- How do ciliary muscles play a roll in the lens?

A circular and transparent disc made of protein with no blood supply.

Ciliary Muscles: Moderates shape, helps with focus and distance

Define: Cataracts

Deposits on the lens

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

1. Anterior chamber 2. Posterior chamber 3. Vitreous

Where is the Anterior chamber located? - What fluid does it have, and its function?

Between the front of the lens and cornea Filled with aqueous humor (fluid) which is directly related to intraocular pressure

Where is the Posterior chamber located?

Between iris, lens, and ciliary body

Where is the Vitreous located? - What fluid does it have, and its function?

Between the retina and iris It has vitreous humor which has more of a jelly- like consistency instead of fluid to help keep the retina intact

What is the Schirmer Tear Test? - Purpose - How it works? - Normal range?

Purpose: Tests tear production. Testing for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS). - How it works: A small strip of designated STT paper is placed under the lower lid of each eye. The dye in the paper will begin to turn color as tears are produced - Normal tear production is greater than 15 mm in 60 seconds.

What is a Fluorescein Eye Stain? - Purpose - How it works?

- Test for a corneal ulcer or abrasion - A small amount of yellow fluorescein stain is applied to the eyes - If there is a corneal defect or scratch, the dye will glow under a blue light

What is Tonometry - What does it test for - Normal values - What do high/low values suggest

- Tonopen is used to measure intraocular pressures. - Tests for glaucoma - Normal pressures are less than 25 at less than 5% error. The reading should be taken 3 times or more to ensure accuracy. - High pressures suggest glaucoma - A low pressure suggests uveitis, or inflammation in the eye.