Opthamology

Question 1

Define: Miosis

Answer 1

Small or constricted pupil

Question 2

Define: Mydriasis

Answer 2

Dilated pupil

Question 3

Define: Anisocoria

Answer 3

Different sized pupils (one pupil is larger or smaller than the other). May suggest trauma or neurologic disease

Question 4

Define: Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR)

Answer 4

Pupils should constrict in light and dilate in dark

Question 5

Define: Enucleation

Answer 5

Surgical eye removal (removing the globe)

Question 6

Define: Proptosis

Answer 6

An eye that has popped out of the socket

Question 7

Define: Hyphemia

Answer 7

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 8

Define: Hypopion

Answer 8

Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 9

Define: Entropion

Answer 9

Rolling in of the eyelids

Question 10

Define: Cherry eye

Answer 10

• Prolapsed gland of the third eyelid.
• The gland should never be removed surgically or dry eye will occur.
• The gland is typically replaced or “tacked down” surgically back under the third eyelid.

Question 11

Define: Canthus

Answer 11

• Refers to the corner of the eye
• Medial canthus is the corner toward the nose
• Lateral canthus is the corner toward the ear

Question 12

Define: Palpebrae

Answer 12

Proper name for eyelids

Question 13

What is the orbit?

Answer 13

The hole in which the eye sits surrounded and formed by the maxilla, zygomatic, frontal, and ethmoid bones

Question 14

What is the conjunctiva

Answer 14

• Membrane that lines the insides ofthe eyelids and eye itself
• It secretes mucus which helps to lubricate the eye

Question 15

What is the function of the lacrimal gland

Answer 15

• To make tears which are secreted through the lacrimal duct
• It is also connected to the nasal passage via the nasolacrimal duct

Question 16

What is the Third eyelid? Where is it located

Answer 16

• The Nictitating membrane.
• It is located near the medialcanthus and sometimes protrudes if the eye is painful, from trauma, or if the animal is sedated

Question 17

Define: Sclera

Answer 17

White part of the eye

Question 18

Define: Corena
3 facts

Answer 18

Forms the anterior part of the eye
- Clear and retracts light
- It has no vessels
- It is made up of 10 layers

Question 19

Define: Uvea
What are the 3 parts that make it up + their function?

Answer 19

Definition: The vascular tunic

Made of:
1. The Choroid: Helps guard against glare

2. Ciliary body: Helps to focus the eye
3. Iris: The colored part of
   the eye

Question 20

Pupil:
- Location
- Function

Answer 20

• Location: central part of Iris
• Function: Light passes through it

Question 21

Retina:
- Function
- Made of

Answer 21

• Made of: Rods and cones (mostly rods in dogs, which are best suited for night vision)
• Function: Forms images

Question 22

Tapetum:
- Function

Answer 22

Reflective layer at the back of the eye which helps animals see in dim light

Question 23

Fundus:
- Made of
- Location

Answer 23

Made of:
1. The optic disc (head of the optic nerve)
2. The neurosensory
3. Retina
4. Retinal pigment epithelium
5. Andchoroid

Location: Part of the posterior eye segment that is viewed with the ophthalmoscope

Question 24

Lens:
- Define
- How do ciliary muscles play a roll in the lens?

Answer 24

A circular and transparent disc made of protein with no blood supply.

Ciliary Muscles: Moderates shape, helps with focus and distance

Question 25

Define: Cataracts

Answer 25

Deposits on the lens

Question 26

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

Answer 26

1. Anterior chamber
2. Posterior chamber
3. Vitreous

Question 27

Where is the Anterior chamber located?
- What fluid does it have, and its function?

Answer 27

Between the front of the lens and cornea

Filled with aqueous humor (fluid) which is directly related to intraocular pressure

Question 28

Where is the Posterior chamber located?

Answer 28

Between iris, lens, and ciliary body

Question 29

Where is the Vitreous located?
- What fluid does it have, and its function?

Answer 29

Between the retina and iris
It has vitreous humor which has more of a jelly- like consistency instead of fluid to help keep the retina intact

Question 30

What is the Schirmer Tear Test?
- Purpose
- How it works?
- Normal range?

Answer 30

Purpose: Tests tear production. Testing for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
(KCS).

• How it works: A small strip of designated STT paper is placed under the lower lid of each eye. The dye in the paper will begin to turn color as tears are produced
• Normal tear
  production is greater than 15 mm in 60 seconds.

Question 31

What is a Fluorescein Eye Stain?
- Purpose
- How it works?

Answer 31

• Test for a corneal ulcer or abrasion
• A small amount of yellow fluorescein stain is applied to the eyes
• If there is a
  corneal defect or scratch, the dye will glow under a blue light

Question 32

What is Tonometry
- What does it test for
- Normal values
- What do high/low values suggest

Answer 32

• Tonopen is used to measure intraocular pressures.
• Tests for glaucoma
• Normal pressures are less than 25 at less than 5% error. The reading should be taken 3 times or more to ensure accuracy.
• High pressures suggest glaucoma
• A low pressure suggests uveitis, or inflammation in the eye.