Reproduction (core) Flashcards
What does ‘asexual’ reproduction mean?
One parent is involved
What does ‘sexual’ reproduction mean?
Two parents are involved
How is variety achieved through sexual reproduction?
The genes of two parents is mixed so the offspring cannot be identical which creates variation
What does the term ‘clone’ mean?
Offspring produced by asexual reproduction so it is identical to its parent organism
What is a process by which a plant can be cloned?
Taking cuttings from a plant and growing them
What is the process of embryo transplants in cloning animals?
An embryo with unspecialised cells in shared into smaller groups of cells, these are then transplanted and allowed to develop in a host animal
What is the issue involved in embryo transplants?
It is artificial and unnatural
What is involved in the process of adult cell cloning? (Dolly the sheep)
A’s nucleus is taken from a cell and it joined together with B’s egg without a nucleus, this is then given an electric shock to divide the cell into a ball of cells called the embryo, this embryo is put back into B who has the baby
What are the advantages of cloning animals?(2)
They produce better protein in their milk which have uses in medicines.
Can save some animals from extinction
What are the disadvantages of cloning animals?(2)
Not very ethical
Limits the variation in population which can be a problem for natural selection if the environment changes
What does the term ‘genetic engineering’ mean?
A technique for changing the genetic information in a cell
How can a gene be transferred from one organism to another?
A gene can be cut out of a chromosome using an enzyme and placed in another organisms chromosome
Give one advantage of genetic engineering
It can produce and provide medicinal products
Give one disadvantage of genetic engineering
It is unethical
Describe why genetic engineering and animal cloning can be unethical (2)
There may be long term effects, it may introduce new organisms
