Enzymes (additional)

Question 1

What is the structure of a protein?

Answer 1

made of long chains of amino acids

Question 2

What are the roles of proteins in the body? (4)

Answer 2

muscle, hormones, antibodies, catalysts

Question 3

What does the term enzyme mean?

Answer 3

biological catalysts

Question 4

What is the structure of an enzyme?

Answer 4

large proteins, with two parts

Question 5

Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

Answer 5

the shape has an area where other molecules can fit inside ‘active site’

Question 6

What factors affect enzyme action? (2)

Answer 6

pH value, temperature

Question 7

How does temperature affect enzyme action?

Answer 7

at higher temperatures, the particles move more quickly so collide more frequently with more energy so reactions take place faster

Question 8

How does pH value affect enzyme action?

Answer 8

some work best in acidic conditions e.g. stomach, some work best in neutral or alkaline conditions

Question 9

How are enzymes involved in the digestion of our food?

Answer 9

specific enzymes digest specific food types

Question 10

What does amylase do? (2)

Answer 10

breaks down starch into glucose, in the mouth and small intestine

Question 11

What does protease do? (2)

Answer 11

breaks down protein into amino acids, in stomach and small intestine

Question 12

What does lipase do? (1)

Answer 12

breaks down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 13

What pH condition does protease in the stomach work best at?

Answer 13

acidic conditions

Question 14

What pH condition does amylase and lipase in the small intestine work best at?

Answer 14

slightly alkaline

Question 15

What does bile do during digestion?

Answer 15

Bile is squirted into the small intestine and neutralises the stomach acid

Question 16

How does a biological detergent work?

Answer 16

contain proteases and lipase that digest food stains

Question 17

What enzyme is used in baby foods?

Answer 17

Protease

Question 18

What is isomerase used for?

Answer 18

converting glucose syrup into fructose syrup making foods less fattening

Question 19

How are carbohydrases used in foods?

Answer 19

convert starch into sugar syrup

Question 20

What are the advantages of using enzymes at home and in industry? (4)

Answer 20

1) makes washing powders more effective
2) washing powders can be used at lower temperatures
3) can be used in medicines
4) equipment and energy costs reduced

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of using enzymes at home and in industry?(4)

Answer 21

1) can get allergic reactions
2) may enter waterways via sewage systems
3) can be costly to produce enzymes
4) denature at too high temperatures