Enzymes (additional) Flashcards
What is the structure of a protein?
made of long chains of amino acids
What are the roles of proteins in the body? (4)
muscle, hormones, antibodies, catalysts
What does the term enzyme mean?
biological catalysts
What is the structure of an enzyme?
large proteins, with two parts
Why is the shape of an enzyme important?
the shape has an area where other molecules can fit inside ‘active site’
What factors affect enzyme action? (2)
pH value, temperature
How does temperature affect enzyme action?
at higher temperatures, the particles move more quickly so collide more frequently with more energy so reactions take place faster
How does pH value affect enzyme action?
some work best in acidic conditions e.g. stomach, some work best in neutral or alkaline conditions
How are enzymes involved in the digestion of our food?
specific enzymes digest specific food types
What does amylase do? (2)
breaks down starch into glucose, in the mouth and small intestine
What does protease do? (2)
breaks down protein into amino acids, in stomach and small intestine
What does lipase do? (1)
breaks down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol
What pH condition does protease in the stomach work best at?
acidic conditions
What pH condition does amylase and lipase in the small intestine work best at?
slightly alkaline
What does bile do during digestion?
Bile is squirted into the small intestine and neutralises the stomach acid
How does a biological detergent work?
contain proteases and lipase that digest food stains
What enzyme is used in baby foods?
Protease
What is isomerase used for?
converting glucose syrup into fructose syrup making foods less fattening
How are carbohydrases used in foods?
convert starch into sugar syrup
What are the advantages of using enzymes at home and in industry? (4)
1) makes washing powders more effective
2) washing powders can be used at lower temperatures
3) can be used in medicines
4) equipment and energy costs reduced
What are the disadvantages of using enzymes at home and in industry?(4)
1) can get allergic reactions
2) may enter waterways via sewage systems
3) can be costly to produce enzymes
4) denature at too high temperatures
