reproduction and inheritance Flashcards
3.9 what is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?
TARGET ORGAN/TISSUE: 1&2. pituitary gland 3. uterus lining
- as oestrogen levels rise, they stop FSH production (stops another ovum being matured)
- trigger LH production in the pituitary gland
- repairs the lining of the uterus after menstruations & thickens it
3.8 function of the penis?
- transports urine & semen out of body
- contains tissue which fills w blood to become erect (erectile tissue) which helps to pass semen out of body & into females vagina during sexual intercourse
3.8 function of the sperm duct?
maturing sperm are transported along this tube
3.8 function of the testes?
- where sperm cells are formed by meiosis
- produces hormone testosterone
3.8 function of the seminal vesicle and prostate gland?
- release liquids into sperm duct, which mixes w sperm cells to form semen
- the liquid provides nutrients to the sperm
3.8 function of the urethra (males)?
tube inside penis which can transport either urine or semen
3.8 function of the ovaries?
- where egg cells are formed by meiosis (in the follicle)
- produces hormones oestrogen & progesterone
3.8 function of the oviducts/fallopian tubes?
- egg cells travel down this to the uterus
- lined w cilia which move the cell
- site of fertilisation
3.8 function of the uterus?
- a lining forms in the uterus, where the embryo will implant
- the foetus develops in the uterus, which has a thick muscular wall
- this contracts during labour
3.8 function of the cervix?
narrow opening to the uterus, this dilates during labour, to allow the baby to be born
3.8 function of the vagina?
- muscular tube that leads from cervix to outside of woman’s body
- a man’s penis goes into it during sexual intercourse, and the baby passes through it when it’s born
3.11 what’s the placenta?
an organ in the uterus of pregnant mammals that allows transfer of nutrients & waste products between mother and fetus through umbilical cord
3.11 what’s the function of the placenta?
- anchors embryo in uterus
- allows nutrients (i.e. glucose, amino acids, salts) and oxygen to move from mother —> embryo
- allows metabolic wastes - co2 & urea - to move from embryo —> mother
these materials pass from one to the other by diffusion
- also secrets progesterone to ensure uterus lining remains thick, & to prevent baby from aborting
3.12 what’s amniotic fluid?
- during pregnancy a membrane called the amnion encloses developing embryo
- amnion secretes a fluid called amniotic fluid
- seems like it’s basically just water lol
3.12 what is amniotic fluids role during pregnancy?
protects developing embryo against:
- mechanical shocks (jolts & bumps)
- drying out
- temperature fluctuations (due to waters high specific heat capacity)
3.13 what hormone causes the development of secondary sexual characteristics?
main one is testosterone for males, main one is oestrogen for females
3.13 what are the secondary sexual characteristics for males?
- voice breaks
- sperm production begins
- shoulders broaden
- facial, armpit, body and pubic hair growth
- greater muscle development
- growth & development of genitalia
- possible mood swings and acne
3.13 what are the secondary sexual characteristics for females?
- voice deepens (but doesn’t break)
- menstrual cycle begins
- pelvis broadens in preparation for pregnancy & labour
- armpit & pubic hair growth
- muscle development & fat deposits on breasts, hips, thighs
- growth & development of genitalia
- possible mood swings and acne
3.9 what’s the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
TARGET ORGAN/TISSUE: 1: pituitary gland 2: uterus lining
- FSH and LH inhibited (stops further ovum being matured & released)
- thickness of uterine lining maintained
3.10B what’s the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle?
TARGET ORGAN/TISSUE: follicle in ovary
- follicle develops & ovum matures (not released yet)
- maturing follicle releases oestrogen
3.10B what’s the role of LH in the menstrual cycle?
TARGET ORGAN/TISSUE: follicle in ovary
- ovulation - follicle on ovary releases mature ovum into oviduct
- remnant of follicle (on ovary) becomes corpus luteum
3.10B what gland is FSH secreted from?
pituitary gland
3.9 what gland is oestrogen secreted from?
ovary (follicle in the ovary)
3.10B what gland is LH secreted from?
pituitary gland
3.9 what gland is progesterone secreted from
ovary (corpus luteum)
