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Biology Paper 2 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Joining (fusion) of male and female gametes

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2
Q

What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division that produces four daughter cells (gametes), each with a single set of chromosomes

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5
Q

What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?

A

XX - Female

XY - Male

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6
Q

How can plants reproduce asexually?

A

Bulb division (e.g. daffodils) or runners (e.g. strawberry plants)

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7
Q

What is genetic material in cells called?

A

DNA

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8
Q

What is DNA

A

Polymer made of chains of four different nucleotide’s

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9
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A

Sugar, phosphate group and one of the four different bases (A, G, C or T)

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10
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Two complementary strands of nucleotide’s forming a double helix

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11
Q

What is a gene?

A

Small section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid sequence, to make a specific protein

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12
Q

How many bases code for an amino acid?

A

Three

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13
Q

Which bases pair in complementary DNA strands?

A

C - G

T - A

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14
Q

What is the function of non-coding DNA?

A

Switch genes on and off to control their expression

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15
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of the same gene

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16
Q

What is the recessive allele?

A

Allele that needs to be present twice to be expressed

17
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Allele that is always expressed, even if only one copy is present

18
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire genetic material of an organism

19
Q

Define the term homozygous

A

Two of the same alleles present in an organism

20
Q

Define the term heterozygous

A

Two different alleles present in an organism

21
Q

Where in the cell are the proteins made?

A

On the ribosomes

22
Q

What type of allele causes polydactyl?

A

Dominant allele

23
Q

What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

A

Recessive allele

24
Q

How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?

A

23 pairs

Biology Paper 2 (8 decks)

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