Reproduction Flashcards
What is organochlorines
Industrial compounds
Øe.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
• Combustion products
Øe.g. polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
• Pesticides
Øe.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT)
What are physical properties of organochlorines
Liposoluble, bioaccumualte and biomagnify
What regions of the world have unsually high levels of organochlorines
Northern ecosystems
Inuit consume 40X more PCBs than the general canadian population
How orhanochlorines can have endocrine disrupters
• Estrogen receptor agonists
ØEstrogenic action
ØPCBs, DDT & other insecticides
• Antiandrogenic activities
ØBind androgen receptors/prevent androgen synthesis
ØDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)
• Bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
ØModulate estrogen-dependent transcription
ØDioxins, PCBs
• Bind thyroid hormone binding protein
ØHydroxylated aromatics
What is the influence on the baby when mother lives in the north and consumes the typical diet there
ØRetarded gestational development
ØLow birth weights
ØSmall head circumference
ØNeurodevelopmental delays
ØWeaker immune response
What is BPA
Bisphenol A
Used to make a rigid and translucent polycarbonate plastic
(identified by a triangle surrounding the number 7).
mimics estrogen and can leach from containers
long-term exposure in humans could lead in some cases to
infertility, early puberty, and even breast and prostate cancers
Mechanism of action BPA
Activates non-classical membrane-bound estrogen
receptors
• High affinity to estrogen-related receptor g
• Low affinity binding to ERα and ERβ
After what day rats started to show abnormalities when exposed to BPA
10 days neonatal
filling of
tubules with abnormal
cells (outline), cells with
detached membrane
and increased
cytoplasm (arrow
How does dietary folate matter for Dad’s and how it was tested
Rat with a normal diet was paired with a female sufficent folate diet and a female with deficient diet
The one that was deficient , had lower pregnancy rate, decreased number of rats born aand had increassed rate of resorption (dissamilation)
E18.5 embryo analysis (checked embryos before the brith)
The difference in sperm in folate deficient or sufficent diet
Different regions were methylated or demethylated
Induced epichanges
What is folate and how it can change methylation of DNA
Water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B9) that naturally occurs in food,
also available as a supplement in the form of folic acid.
• Plays a critical role in DNA and RNA synthesis and methylation
reactions
Premature birth what induces it
Mother: diabetes, heart disease,kidnet disease, hypertension, poor nutrition, smoking, illegal drugs, alcohol,
what is 3 month birth control pill
Seasonale
Continous for 3 month
Mixed progesteron and estrogen
