Reproduction Flashcards
Mitosis
Asexual Reprod. Daughter cells have 2n instead of “n” daughter cells like in Meiosis.
Meiosis
Sexual Reprod. Daughter cells have “n”. 23+23 somatic = 46 chromosomes = Zygote.
PMAT
Gonads
male and female
Erection
Allows for penetration into vagina. Parasympathetic control
Ejaculation
Expels Semen. Sympathetic control
corpora cavernosa
allow the penis to become stiff so that it can enter the female vagina to deliver sperm.
Spermatogenesis
Forms male gametes (sperm)
Spermatogonia
Mitosis cell division of sperm into 2 daughter cells. Of the two, one becomes Primary Spermatocyte to make four sperm. The other goes for Secondary Spermatocyte in dividing pool
Spermatids
Secondary Spermatocytes’s daughter cells
Spermatozoa/Sperm
Mature sex cells with an acrosome (helmet for nucleus of head), midpiece (contain mitochondria), and tail for swimming
FSH
Male- Stimulates spermatogenesis
Female- release estrogen
LH
Male- Stimulates release of testosterone
Female- release androgens to create estrogen
Testosterone
Synthesis of proteins. Enhances stimulation of spermatogenesis and increase in accessory organ sizes
DTH
What testosterone is sometimes converted to in the prostate. Same effects as testosterone though.
Estradiol
What testosterone is sometimes converted to in the brain, bone, and fat. Same effects as testosterone
Progesterone
Preps uterus for ovum fertilization
Oocyte
Immature egg
Myometrium
What allows child birth contractions
Ooogenesis
Process of female gamete (ovum) formation
Oogonia
Spermatogonia equivalent. Diploid stem cells (by mitosis) Then turn into Primary Ooocytes
Primary Oocytes
First meiotic division. Spermatocyte equivalent. BUT P.O only occurs in fetus. Lifetime supply at birth.
Secondary Ooctyes
Only completed upon fertilization
Ova
Female reproductive cell (gamete)
Polar Body
Haploid cell formed with oogenesis
Folliculogenesis
Maturation of ovarian follicle with immature oocytes
Primordial Follicles
have a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte. Can grow into Primary Follicle
Secondary Follicles
have multiple layers of granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte.
Ovulation
FHS hormone rage. Ovary wall ruptures to released secondary oocyte. Released from ovary down fallopian tube for fertilization
Follicular Phase
vesicular follicles secrete increasing amounts of estrogens and one of these follicles is selected as the dominant follicle. Phase lasts from the first to the fourteenth day of the ovarian cycle, at which point ovulation typically occurs.
Luteal Phase
Corpus Luteum is active during this phase
Corpus Luteum
supplies the high levels of progesterone and estrogens that characterize the luteal phase. If no pregnancy, CL degenerates
Corpus Albicans
Scar that forms from corpus luteum after pregnancy doesn’t happen.
Graafian Follicle
Fluid-filled sac where ovum develops before ovulation
Menstrual Stage
Uterus sheds deepest part of of endometrium. Ovarian hormones are at all time low. This is where menstruation occurs.
Proliferative Stage
Endometrium rebuilds itself.
Secretory Stage
Most constant timewise. Endometrium prepares for an embryo to implant. Increase levels of progesterone
Gamete
Sex cell
Gametogenesis
Formation of gametes (meiosis)
Gonad
Primary reproductive organ (testis, ovaries)
Zygote
Fertilized Egg
