Blood

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

90 % H2O
include Albumin (most abundant solute protein),
55% of Blood Volume
Carries molecules and helps w/ plasma osmotic pressure.

Question 2

Formed Elements

Answer 2

RBC, WBC, and platelets.

Do not divide. Originate in bone marrow.

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

Gas transport of O2 and H.
Spectrin protein makes blood fold on itself to get to capillaries.
No mitochondria = anaerobic (ATP prod, but no ATP consumption)

Question 4

Hemoglobin

Answer 4

attaches w/ O2 for transport (only releases if high temp or low pH).
has heme (Fe) which bonds to one O2 for every heme.
Heme has a pigment bound to globin protein).

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

Defense against disease & pathogens

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

GRANULOCYTE; contain defensin proteins that pierce holes into antigen membrane. (Kill by respiratory burst- oxidize potent)
50-70%

Question 7

Eosinophils

Answer 7

GRANULOCYTE; Release enzymes on worms (digest them) and help with allergies and asthma
2-4%

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

GRANULOCYTE; contain histamines (vasodilators)
-> Similar to mast cells
rarest granulocyte (.5-1%)

Question 9

Lymphocytes

Answer 9

AGRANULOCYTE; mostly in lymphoid tissue.
Contain T-cells (fight viruses and tumors)
and B-Cells (prod antibodies)
25% of WBC

Question 10

Monocyte

Answer 10

AGRANULOCYTE; Antigen-Presenting Cell.
Macrophage like.
3-8% of WBC

Question 11

Leukopoeisis

Answer 11

Chemical messengers for process (called interleukins) and Colony-Stimulating factors (CSF) that stimulate WBCs.
WBCs originate from lymphoid stem cells or myeloid stem cells.

Question 12

Hematopoiesis

Answer 12

Formation of ALL blood cells

Occurs in red bone marrow

Question 13

Erythropoiesis

Answer 13

Prod of RBC. Use hematopoietic stem cells.

Question 14

Thrombopoiesis

Answer 14

Formation of platelets

Question 15

Magakaryocyte

Answer 15

Cell that develops from megakaryoblast to make then turn into platelets.

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

seals tears in blood vessels. Important for clotting

Question 17

Anemia

Answer 17

sign of problem, not disease.

-Blood loss, not enough RBC production, or lots of RBCs being destroyed (factors for anemia)

Question 18

Hematocrit

Answer 18

% of BV that’s RBC (usually 45 = +/- 3%)

Question 19

Leukocytosis

Answer 19

normal increase from infex response

Question 20

Leukemia

Answer 20

abnormal overprod of WBCs and mononucleosis. Clone of abnormal stem cell (cancer)

Question 21

Leukopenia

Answer 21

abnormal decrease in WBC count.

Can be drug induced or anti-cancer drug induced

Question 22

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 22

abnormal decrease in platelets = no clotting.

Can be from drugs or injury to bone marrow

Question 23

Thrombocytosis

Answer 23

abnormal increase in platelets. Starts in bone marrow

Question 24

A-Blood

Answer 24

A agglutinogen; B agglutinins (Anti B)

Question 25

B-Blood

Answer 25

B agglutinogen; A agglutinin (anti A)

Question 26

AB-Blood

Answer 26

A & B agglutinogen; N/A agglutinin

Universal recipient if Rh +

Question 27

O-Blood

Answer 27

No agglutinogens; A & B agglutinins (anti A & B).

Universal donor if Rh (-)

Question 28

Hemolytic Newborn Disease

Answer 28

aka: Erythroblastosis fetalis.
When mama = Rh- and baby= Rh + => mom’s blood attack’s baby’s blood.
Treated with RhoGAM

Question 29

Blood Transfusions

Answer 29

recipient’s blood attacks donor’s= renal failure and agglutination (clumping)
Rh + can receive blood from - or +
Rh (-) can only receive blood from (-)

Question 30

Agglutination

Answer 30

Blood agglutinates (clumps) when mixed with its agglutinins (antis)
(AB-Blood agglutinates with both anti A and anti B)