Blood Flashcards
Prep for AP test
Plasma
90 % H2O
include Albumin (most abundant solute protein),
55% of Blood Volume
Carries molecules and helps w/ plasma osmotic pressure.
Formed Elements
RBC, WBC, and platelets.
Do not divide. Originate in bone marrow.
Erythrocytes
Gas transport of O2 and H.
Spectrin protein makes blood fold on itself to get to capillaries.
No mitochondria = anaerobic (ATP prod, but no ATP consumption)
Hemoglobin
attaches w/ O2 for transport (only releases if high temp or low pH).
has heme (Fe) which bonds to one O2 for every heme.
Heme has a pigment bound to globin protein).
Leukocytes
Defense against disease & pathogens
Neutrophils
GRANULOCYTE; contain defensin proteins that pierce holes into antigen membrane. (Kill by respiratory burst- oxidize potent)
50-70%
Eosinophils
GRANULOCYTE; Release enzymes on worms (digest them) and help with allergies and asthma
2-4%
Basophils
GRANULOCYTE; contain histamines (vasodilators)
-> Similar to mast cells
rarest granulocyte (.5-1%)
Lymphocytes
AGRANULOCYTE; mostly in lymphoid tissue.
Contain T-cells (fight viruses and tumors)
and B-Cells (prod antibodies)
25% of WBC
Monocyte
AGRANULOCYTE; Antigen-Presenting Cell.
Macrophage like.
3-8% of WBC
Leukopoeisis
Chemical messengers for process (called interleukins) and Colony-Stimulating factors (CSF) that stimulate WBCs.
WBCs originate from lymphoid stem cells or myeloid stem cells.
Hematopoiesis
Formation of ALL blood cells
Occurs in red bone marrow
Erythropoiesis
Prod of RBC. Use hematopoietic stem cells.
Thrombopoiesis
Formation of platelets
Magakaryocyte
Cell that develops from megakaryoblast to make then turn into platelets.
Platelets
seals tears in blood vessels. Important for clotting
Anemia
sign of problem, not disease.
-Blood loss, not enough RBC production, or lots of RBCs being destroyed (factors for anemia)
Hematocrit
% of BV that’s RBC (usually 45 = +/- 3%)
Leukocytosis
normal increase from infex response
Leukemia
abnormal overprod of WBCs and mononucleosis. Clone of abnormal stem cell (cancer)
Leukopenia
abnormal decrease in WBC count.
Can be drug induced or anti-cancer drug induced
Thrombocytopenia
abnormal decrease in platelets = no clotting.
Can be from drugs or injury to bone marrow
Thrombocytosis
abnormal increase in platelets. Starts in bone marrow
A-Blood
A agglutinogen; B agglutinins (Anti B)
B-Blood
B agglutinogen; A agglutinin (anti A)
AB-Blood
A & B agglutinogen; N/A agglutinin
Universal recipient if Rh +
O-Blood
No agglutinogens; A & B agglutinins (anti A & B).
Universal donor if Rh (-)
Hemolytic Newborn Disease
aka: Erythroblastosis fetalis.
When mama = Rh- and baby= Rh + => mom’s blood attack’s baby’s blood.
Treated with RhoGAM
Blood Transfusions
recipient’s blood attacks donor’s= renal failure and agglutination (clumping)
Rh + can receive blood from - or +
Rh (-) can only receive blood from (-)
Agglutination
Blood agglutinates (clumps) when mixed with its agglutinins (antis) (AB-Blood agglutinates with both anti A and anti B)
