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Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Semen

A

A combination of Sperm and other liquids. The other liquids consists of sugars and hormones.

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2
Q

Bladder

A

Store Urine

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3
Q

Testes

A

Male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones

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4
Q

Penis

A

Male reproductive organ which is made erectile tissue which ejaculates semen

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5
Q

Urethra

A

tube which carries urine and semen to the outside of the body

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6
Q

Scrotum

A

A bag which holds the Testicles and is able to control the temperature by bring the testicles closer or further away from the body

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7
Q

Sperm Duct/Vas deferens

A

Carries sperm for the Testis to the Urethra

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8
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Produces a liquid consisting of sugars and hormones into the sperm cells to form semen. This keeps the sperm cells alive once they enter the female body.

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9
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Produces a liquid consisting of sugars and hormones into the sperm cells to form semen

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10
Q

Fallopian Tube/ Oviducts

A

Path from the Ovary to the Uterus where Fertilisation occurs. They have the diameter of a human hair.

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11
Q

Ovary

A

A gonad where the ovum (egg) comes from. The Ovary has the job of storing, maturing and eventually releasing the ova (plural for ovum). The Ovary releases an egg once a month once the female is sexually matured.

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12
Q

Gonad

A

An organ which produces Sex Cells (Ovary or Testes)

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13
Q

Uterus Lining/Endometrium

A

The Fertilised egg grows on the Uterus wall

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14
Q

Fertilisation

A

When an Ova cell and sperm cell join together.

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15
Q

Uterus

A

Size of a small pear when relaxed but can grow to hold the size of Basketball during pregnancy.

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16
Q

Cervix

A

The spot where the Vagina meets the Uterus. It can close when a baby is developing and open during labour (pregnancy).

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17
Q

Follicle

A

A part in the Ovary which is in charge of releasing the Ovum when developed completely.

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18
Q

Ectopic Procedures

A

A procedure (medication or surgery) that has to be performed because the fertilised cell has not moved to the Uterus lining but is still in the Oviducts.

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19
Q

Vulva

A

The outside of a Women’s genital

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20
Q

Clitoris

A

Swells up and makes one sexually aroused.

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21
Q

Puberty

A

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction in both genders. Puberty is ultimately designed so we can have children.

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22
Q

Hormones

A

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

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23
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

24
Q

sexual reproduction:

A

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

25
Q

Gametes

A

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

26
Q

Sperm

A

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

27
Q

Ova

A

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

28
Q

External Fertilisation

A

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

29
Q

Internal Fertilisation

A

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

30
Q

Copulation

A

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

31
Q

meiosis:

A

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

32
Q

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA):

A

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

33
Q

Identical Twins

A

twins developed from the same fertilised egg

34
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

35
Q

Embryo

A

group of cells formed from the zygote and developing into different body organs

36
Q

Implantation

A

the process whereby the embryo becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus

37
Q

Fetus

A

the unborn young of an animal that has developed a distinct head, arms and legs

38
Q

Placenta

A

an organ formed in the mother’s womb through which the baby receives food and oxygen from the mother’s blood and the baby’s wastes are removed

39
Q

Gestation Period

A

time spent by offspring developing in the uterus

40
Q

Premature

A

describes a baby born less than 37 weeks after conception

41
Q

Labour

A

Childbirth

42
Q

Breech Birth

A

describes a birth in which the baby is born feet first

43
Q

Cesarean Operation

A

operation to remove a baby by cutting the mother’s abdomen

44
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

Connects baby to the Placenta

45
Q

Oxytocin

A

The trust Hormone which brings a baby and its mother together

46
Q

Contraception

A

prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

47
Q

Contraceptives

A

prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

48
Q

Infertility

A

the inability to have children

49
Q

Sterile

A

describes a person unable to produce reproductive cells

50
Q

Surrogacy

A

pregnancy that occurs when the fertilised egg is placed in the uterus of another woman who did not produce the egg

51
Q

Miscarraige

A

When the embryo doesn’t implant itself into the uterine wall

52
Q

Totipotent

A

describes the most powerful stem cells that can give rise to all cell types

53
Q

Pluripotent

A

describes the second most powerful stem cells that can give rise to many cell types

54
Q

Multipotent

A

describes the least powerful stem cells that can give rise to specific cell types

55
Q

Flowers

A

the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

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