Body Systems Flashcards
mechanical digestion
digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth
chemical digestion
the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body
alimentary canal
passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.
enzymes
special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction
saliva
watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing
salivary glands
glands in the mouth that produce saliva
bolus
round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier
Oesophagus
part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach
peristalsis
the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles
Stomach
a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein
musculoskeletal system
consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.
skeletal system
consists of the bones and joints
skeletal muscle system
voluntary or striated muscle
Skeleton
the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement
Bones
the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate
bone marrow
a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made