Body Systems

Question 1

mechanical digestion

Answer 1

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 2

chemical digestion

Answer 2

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 3

alimentary canal

Answer 3

passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 4

enzymes

Answer 4

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 5

saliva

Answer 5

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 6

salivary glands

Answer 6

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 7

bolus

Answer 7

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 8

Oesophagus

Answer 8

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 9

peristalsis

Answer 9

the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 10

Stomach

Answer 10

a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

Question 11

musculoskeletal system

Answer 11

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 12

skeletal system

Answer 12

consists of the bones and joints

Question 13

skeletal muscle system

Answer 13

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 14

Skeleton

Answer 14

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 15

Bones

Answer 15

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 16

bone marrow

Answer 16

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

Question 18

Calcium

Answer 18

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

Question 19

Phosphorus

Answer 19

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

Question 20

Ossification

Answer 20

hardening of bones

Question 21

brittle

Answer 21

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 22

Joint

Answer 22

region where two bones meet

Question 23

Ligaments

Answer 23

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 24

synovial fluid

Answer 24

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 25

pivot joint

Answer 25

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 26

Hinge joints

Answer 26

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 27

Ball and socket joints

Answer 27

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 28

Immovable Joints

Answer 28

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 29

Muscles

Answer 29

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 30

Involuntary Muscles

Answer 30

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

Question 31

Voluntary muscles

Answer 31

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

Question 32

Tendons

Answer 32

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

Question 33

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 33

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

Question 34

Fracture

Answer 34

a break in a bone

Question 35

Stem Cells

Answer 35

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

Question 36

Osteoperosis

Answer 36

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

Question 37

Sprains

Answer 37

injury caused by tearing a ligament

Question 38

Arthiritis

Answer 38

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

Question 39

Oxygen

Answer 39

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 40

Cellular Respiration

Answer 40

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 41

Glucose

Answer 41

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 42

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 42

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide