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Science Test > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define reproduction

A

in organism is the creation of a new organism of the species forming the next generation

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Male sperm fertilises a female egg

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Only one parent needed to reproduce next generation

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4
Q

Fertilisation

A

Occurs when a male sperm combines with a female egg

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5
Q

Define hermaphrodite

A

Is an organism that has both female and male sex organs

Tapeworm and flatworm are examples

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6
Q

Define meiosis

A

Is the process of cell devision by which the sperm and egg are created

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7
Q

Chromosome amount

A

Sperm and egg have half the number of chromosomes with generic information of normal cell

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8
Q

Define zygote

A

When the sperm has fertilised the egg and made a new cell called zygote

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9
Q

Sexual reproduction in animals

A

Differ, some have penis some have a cloaca which sperm leaves
Egg might be fertilised internal or external

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10
Q

External fertilisation

A

Occurs outside body
Low success rate but large numbers of sperm and egg
Sperm swim through water and eggs stay damp

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11
Q

Internal fertilisation

A

Occurs inside the body

Higher success rate but less sperm and eggs

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12
Q

Development

A

Some animals develop internally and some externally

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13
Q

Reproduction in plants

A

Can be asexual or sexual

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14
Q

Flowering components

A

Petal=colour and design attract insects
Nectary= produces sugar and fragrance to attract animals
Stamen= male organ, the filament and anther
Anther= pollen (sperm cell) is produced in sacks of pollen
Filament= supports anther
Carpel= female organ, consist =s of stigma, style, ovary and ovule
Stigma=pollen deposited here during pollination
Style= supports stigma, pollen grows and pollen tube down the style to the ovary
Ovary= stored ovules, location of fertilisation and seed development
Ovule= female sex cell, produced in the ovary
Pollen- male sex cell, produced in pollen sacks of the anther

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15
Q

Pollen

A
  • gains development in the anther of a flower
  • is transferred to the stigma of another flower
  • grows a pollen tube down the style to ovary
  • gametes then go down pollen tube and fertilise an egg
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16
Q

Pollination

A

Occurs due to wind, insects or other animals. Flowers specialised to promote pollination
Colour, shape, hector, form, and fragrance all enhance the progress

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17
Q

Seeds, fruit and dispersal

A

Seeds start to develop in the ovary after fertilisation creates an embryo
The ovary grows larger and develops into fruit and the embryo develops into the seed

18
Q

Seed structure

A
  • seed coat is a protective outer layer
  • cotyledons provide energy during germination
  • plumule is first shoot of seed
  • radicle is first root of the seed
19
Q

Germination

A

Seed absorbs water which weakens seed coat which cause it to grow

Low temp = slows and may stop germination
High temp = kills seed

20
Q

Dispersal

A
  • animals eat fruit and excrete the seeds in faeces
  • seeds may float on mater over long distances
  • burrs get stuck in animal fur
  • dandelions and grasses may fly on the wind
21
Q

Parthenogenesis

A
  • when animals develop from unfertilised egg
  • worker bee develop from unfertilised egg
  • some gecko lizards reproduce vis female reproduction
22
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

When plants reproduce by asexual reproduction

24
Q

Budding

A

Young grows from a bud one the adult, hydra

25
Q

Tuber

A

Swollen stem develops underground, each tuber can grow a new plant
Potato

26
Q

Bulb

A

Swollen underground part that develops freshly leaves

Onion

27
Q

Runner

A

Stem grows above ground sending out new shorts and roots

Strawberries

28
Q

Rhizomes

A

Stem grows underground sending out new shoots and roots

Bamboo

29
Q

Plantlets

A

Leaves develop small plants that grow when leafs fall on the ground
Kalanchoe

30
Q

Root sucker

A

Root sends up new stems

Eucalyptus

31
Q

Binary fission

A

Occurs when a parent cell males an exact copy of itself, the daughter cell
Bacteria and yeast

32
Q

Male reproductive system

A

Produces sperm to be implanted in the female for fertilisation of egg

33
Q

Testes

A

Male sperm develops in the testes

34
Q

Seminal vesicles and prostate glands

A

Produce fluids that bath sperm and aid them in successful fertilisation

35
Q

Penis

A

Organ in which semen is ejaculated or urine is passed, penis becomes erect to aid entry to vagina

36
Q

Scrotum

A

Temperature of testes 2-3 degrees is kept below normal body temperature by retracting or extending

37
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Produces an ovum (egg) to be fertilised by sperm

38
Q

Vagina

A

Passage in which sperm is implanted and through which the endometrium is shed or baby leaves female through birth

39
Q

Ovaries

A

Ovum or egg are female sec cells produced in ovaries

40
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus

41
Q

Uterus

A

Organ where embryo develops onto foetus, endometrium is the lining of the uterus

42
Q

Fission

A

Splits into two and new generation grows

Crown of thorns star fish

Science Test (5 decks)

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