Digestion

Question 1

Digestive system function

Answer 1

Is to break down the nutrients in food and drink into small enough particles to be absorbed into our bodies

Question 2

Mouth function

Answer 2

Teeth cut and crush food to smaller pieces and digestive enzymes added to breakdown food

Question 3

Oesophagus function

Answer 3

Food pushes down by wave like actions of muscles

Question 4

Stomach function

Answer 4

Adds acid to breakdown food and churns food to digest to smaller particles

Question 5

Liver function

Answer 5

Produces chemicals to assist in digestion of fats

Question 6

Pancreas function

Answer 6

Adds digestive enzymes

Question 7

Small intestine function

Answer 7

Nutrients absorbed by the villi on the surface of the small intestine

Question 8

Large intestine function

Answer 8

Absorbs water, salts and compounds added to digestive system

Question 9

Appendix function

Answer 9

Vestigial organ from evolution

Question 10

Anus function

Answer 10

Waste stored and removed from body as faeces

Question 11

Teeth function

Answer 11

The function mechanical digestion which is the cutting, tearing up and grinding food into small bits

Question 12

3 types of teeth

Answer 12

Incisors= at the front of mouth, knife like and cut food into small bits 
Canines= next in incisors, point for gripping and tearing meat
Molars= behind canines, have broad top to grind and crush food

Question 13

2 types of salivas

Answer 13

Lubricant= easier for food to slide down oesophagus 
Amylase= breaks down carbohydrates into glucose via chemical digestion

Question 14

Define peristalsis

Answer 14

Is a wave like muscle contraction that moves food through all soft tissue tubes of the digestive system (oesophagus)

Question 15

3 gastric juices produced by stomach

Answer 15

Hydrochloric acid= kills bacteria and germs in food
Mucus= slimy layer that stops the stomach being digested
Enzymes= continue the chemical digestion of food

Question 16

Define chemical digestion

Answer 16

• Enzymes and stomach acid further break down food by chemical breaking down into smaller pieces
• Enzymes help break down large molecules to be absorbed
• Large molecules are broken down before being absorbed through the small intestine

Question 17

Carbohydrates enzyme and nutrient

Answer 17

Enzyme= amylase in saliva 
Nutrient= glucose

Question 18

Proteins enzyme and nutrient

Answer 18

Enzyme= pepsin in stomach acid 
Nutrient= amino acids

Question 19

Fats enzyme and nutrient

Answer 19

Enzyme= lipase in bile salts
Nutrient= fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

Liver and pancreas

Answer 20

Food does not pass through, they produce enzymes and bile salts for further breakdown of nutrients

Question 21

Small intestine and absorption

Answer 21

Is where nutrients are small enough to be absorbed

Question 22

Large intestine and anus

Answer 22

• Last organ in alimentary canal
• Most water added during digestion is re-absorbed
• Salts, sugars, vitamins, and are re-absorbed after use
• Remaining waste is compacted and stored in the rectum/bowel

Question 23

Define villi

Answer 23

Small finger like projections that line the small intestine it increases the surface area for nutrients absorption