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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

To produce secretions which carry the sperm.

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2
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

Stores the urine.

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3
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Production and development of sperm.

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4
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Sack to protect the testes.

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5
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

An organ that carries the sperm to the vagina.

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6
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

It carries urine or fluid containing sperm down through the penis.

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7
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

It allows the development of the fertilised ovum and produces structures to help its growth.

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8
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

To restrict the opening of the uterus.

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9
Q

What is the function of the oviducts?

A

The site of fertilisation. Carries the ova to the uterus.

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10
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

To produce the eggs (fertilisation).

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11
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

To allow entry of the penis.

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12
Q

Complete: Fertilisation is the __ of a ___ ___ with an ___ ___ to form the zygote.

A

Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the zygote.

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13
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the oviduct.

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14
Q

Complete: The ___ undergoes rapid ___ ___ as it passes down the oviduct. This ball of cells may take up to seven days to reach the uterus.

A

The zygote undergoes rapid cell division as it passes down the oviduct. This ball of cells may take up to seven days to reach the uterus.

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15
Q

What happens implantation occurs?

A

Implantation occurs and the embryo develops villi which grow into the uterus and eventually become placenta.

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16
Q

What is the function of amnion?

A

A membrane enclosing the foetus and amniotic fluid.

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17
Q

What is the function of amniotic fluid?

A

A fluid which supports the foetus and protects it from mechanical shock.

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18
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

The point of close association between the blood circulatory systefms of the mother and foetus allowing exchange of materials e.g. Gases, nutrients and waste products.

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19
Q

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

A

It carries the blood vessels linking the placenta and the foetus.

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20
Q

What happens on day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

On day 1, the uterus lining starts passing out of the body through the vagina. This is known as menstruation or a “period”. Menstruation takes about 5 days.

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21
Q

What happens during day 6-13 of the menstrual cycle?

A

After menstruation, the uterus lining becomes thicker again. This happens in preparation for the egg ovulation.

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22
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

An egg is released.

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23
Q

Wat happens on day 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

The egg can survive in the fallopian tube for 3 days when it may be fertilised. If the egg is not fertilised it dies and continues to the uterus. After day 28, the cycle begins again.

24
Q

What effect does alcohol have on the un-born baby?

A

Foetus may be infected with a life-threatening disease before it is born.

25
Q

What effect do drugs have on the un-born baby?

A

Oxygen supply is reduced by nicotine and carbon monoxide.

26
Q

What effect does smoking have on the un-born baby?

A

Embryo becomes infected and cannot develop properly. It may be born blind or deaf.

27
Q

What effect does HIV have on the un-born baby?

A

Blood vessels and heart may be damaged. Baby may be born small, born early or born dead.

28
Q

What effect does rubella have on the un-born baby?

A

Baby may be born underweight or born brain-damaged.

29
Q

What is the definition of Conception?

A

Conception can be defined as the fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm in the oviduct followed by implantation in the uterus.

30
Q

What is contraception?

A

Contraception is the internal prevention of conception by natural or artificial means.

31
Q

What is the definition of infertility?

A

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive, carry, or deliver a healthy child.
It effects about 10% of all couples.

32
Q

Name two reasons for male infertility.

A
33
Q

Name 3 reasons for female infertility.

A
34
Q

What must tests for fertility show?

A

Tests for fertility must show the following:

35
Q

See page 10 and learn.

A

.

36
Q

Learn page 8.

A
37
Q

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

A

HIV is a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus. If you have HIV, you have this virus in your body. AIDS, or acquired immunodificiency syndrome, is the general name given to the disease ehich HIV causes once your immune system is weakened.

38
Q

When is AIDS diagnosed?

A

AIDS is diagnosed when the immune system has been weakened so much by HiV that it can’t fight certain life-threatening infections and illnesses.

39
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

It’s passed from person to person via unprotected sex, from needles contaminated with infected blood, through blood transfusion or organ donation from people with the virus, and from mother to baby.

40
Q

What is meant by adolescence?

A

Growing up. When you change from a child into an adult.

41
Q

At what age, very approximately,does adolescence begin?

A

For boys: Average age is 13. Boys grow at 13. Then at 15.

For girls: Average is 11. Girls grow at 13.

42
Q

What is the name given to all the body changes which take place during adolescence?

A

Puberty.

43
Q

Briefly describe two important body changes that take place during adolescence in a boy.

A

Their penis and testicles grow and get wrinkled. They develop pubic hair.

44
Q

Briefly describe two important body changes that take place during adolescence in a girl.

A

Their breasts grow. They get pubic hair.

45
Q

Name the two special sex cells needed to make a baby.

A

Sperm and egg cells.

46
Q

What part of the body makes the sex cells in a female?

A

Ovaries.

47
Q

What part of the body makes the sex cells in a male?

A

Testicles.

48
Q

What is the medical term for ‘having a period’?

A

Menstruation.

49
Q

How does adolescence sometimes affect the way you feel?

A

Your mood changes very quickly.

50
Q

Why is exercise good for your body?

A

A hormone is released that makes you happy.

51
Q

Why is sleep good for your body?

A

It helps to repair your cells.

52
Q

Why is it particularly important during adolescence to regularly wash your face?

A

To prevent spots.

53
Q

Why is it particularly important during adolescence to regularly wash your hair?

A

To prevent greasy hair, because your skin produces more oils when your a teenager.

54
Q

Why is it particularly important during adolescence to regularly wash your feet and armpits?

A

To prevent body odour.

55
Q

Suggest why AIDS is regarded as such a serious illness.

A

Because at present there is no cure/vaccine for AIDS.

Biology (10 decks)

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