Enzymes And Digestion

Question 1

What is an enzyme?

Answer 1

An enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst.

Question 2

What are the two types of enzymes?

Answer 2

Anabolic and Catabolic

Question 3

What is an anabolic enzyme?

Answer 3

One that builds up a large complex molecule from two or more smaller molecules.

Question 4

What is a catabolic enzyme?

Answer 4

One that breaks down large complex molecules into smaller molecules.

Question 5

Enzymes are substrate specific. What does this mean?

Answer 5

Each enzyme will act on only one type of molecule- it’s own specific substrate.

Question 6

What reaction does amylase cause?

Answer 6

starch to glucose.

Question 7

What reaction does protease cause?

Answer 7

Protein- amino acids

Question 8

What reaction does lipase cause?

Answer 8

Fat- fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 9

What must happen in order for reactions to occur?

Answer 9

Enzymes and substrates must collide in order for a reaction to take place.

Question 10

What affects the rate at which the enzyme and substrate can collide?

Answer 10

The kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate will affect the rate at which the enzyme and substrate can collide.

Question 11

What is very important for enzyme activity?

Answer 11

Their shape.

Question 12

What is the maximum rate of reaction for any enzyme known as?

Answer 12

The optimum

Question 13

What happens when the temperature goes beyond the optimum?

Answer 13

When the temperature goes beyond the optimum bonds break which hold the protein structure together.

Question 14

What happens as a result of bonds breaking?

Answer 14

As a result of bonds breaking the active site changes shape and the enzyme can no longer function and is said to be denatured. This change is irreversible.

Question 15

Define Digestion.

Answer 15

Breaking Dow. Large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules; which are absorbed into and transported by the blood.

Question 16

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 16

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 17

What are the five processes that occur in specific regions of our digestive system?

Answer 17

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and egestion.

Question 18

Define Ingestion.

Answer 18

Food taken into the gut via the mouth.

Question 19

Define digestion.

Answer 19

Large, insoluble molecules broken down into small,soluble substances-(mouth,stomach).

Question 20

Define Absorption.

Answer 20

Products of digestion taken into blood and transported around the body-(ileum).

Question 21

Define Assimilation.

Answer 21

Products of digestion are taken from the blood into cells (throughout body tissues).

Question 22

Define Egeation.

Answer 22

Waste material is passed out of the body-(anus).

Question 23

What is peristalsis?

Answer 23

Muscles contract behind any food in a ‘wave like’ motion and push the food through the gut.

Question 24

What stops the food entering the trachea?

Answer 24

The epiglottis stops the food entering the trachea.

Question 25

What 3 types of enzymes are released from the wall of the duodenum?

Answer 25

Carbohydrate, lipase and protease.

Question 26

What two fluids are released into the duodenum from connecting organs?

Answer 26

1. Pancreatic juice.

2. Bile

Question 27

Where is pancreatic juice stored and what is its fun toon?

Answer 27

Produced by the pancreas. Releases 3 digestive enzymes- protein,lipase and carbohydrase.

Question 28

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 28

Produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It travels down the bile duct into the duodenum.

Question 29

What are bikes to functions?

Answer 29

1. Bile causes fat to break up and form tiny fat droplets. This is called emulsification. This increases the surface area for the action of the lipase enzyme.
   2.
   Bile also neutralises the stomach acid which aids the action of the enzymes in the duodenum.