Enzymes And Digestion Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst.
What are the two types of enzymes?
Anabolic and Catabolic
What is an anabolic enzyme?
One that builds up a large complex molecule from two or more smaller molecules.
What is a catabolic enzyme?
One that breaks down large complex molecules into smaller molecules.
Enzymes are substrate specific. What does this mean?
Each enzyme will act on only one type of molecule- it’s own specific substrate.
What reaction does amylase cause?
starch to glucose.
What reaction does protease cause?
Protein- amino acids
What reaction does lipase cause?
Fat- fatty acids and glycerol.
What must happen in order for reactions to occur?
Enzymes and substrates must collide in order for a reaction to take place.
What affects the rate at which the enzyme and substrate can collide?
The kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate will affect the rate at which the enzyme and substrate can collide.
What is very important for enzyme activity?
Their shape.
What is the maximum rate of reaction for any enzyme known as?
The optimum
What happens when the temperature goes beyond the optimum?
When the temperature goes beyond the optimum bonds break which hold the protein structure together.
What happens as a result of bonds breaking?
As a result of bonds breaking the active site changes shape and the enzyme can no longer function and is said to be denatured. This change is irreversible.
Define Digestion.
Breaking Dow. Large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules; which are absorbed into and transported by the blood.
What are the two types of digestion?
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
What are the five processes that occur in specific regions of our digestive system?
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and egestion.
Define Ingestion.
Food taken into the gut via the mouth.
Define digestion.
Large, insoluble molecules broken down into small,soluble substances-(mouth,stomach).
Define Absorption.
Products of digestion taken into blood and transported around the body-(ileum).
Define Assimilation.
Products of digestion are taken from the blood into cells (throughout body tissues).
Define Egeation.
Waste material is passed out of the body-(anus).
What is peristalsis?
Muscles contract behind any food in a ‘wave like’ motion and push the food through the gut.
What stops the food entering the trachea?
The epiglottis stops the food entering the trachea.
