Reproduction Flashcards
how many parents does asexual reproduction involve?
only 1
What will the offspring be like from asexual reproduction?
it will have identical genes to the parent- no variation between parent and offspring
what is mitosis?
When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form 2 cells with identical sets of chromosomes
what is a diploid cell
a cell that contains two copies of each chromosome, arranged in pairs
when a diploid cell that divides by mitosis you get…
TWO diploid cells
what else is mitosis used for?
making cells for growth and repair,
cloning also involves mitosis
in a cell that is not diving, DNA is spread out…
in long strings
what is the first step in mitosis after getting the signal to divide?
All chromosomes in the parent cell are copied- DNA forms X shaped chromosomes, each arm is an exact copy
What is the 2nd step in mitosis?
the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell and cell fibers pull them apart. The 2 arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends
What is the 3rd step in mitosis
Membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes- these become the nuclei of the 2 new cells.
What is the last step in mitosis?
the cytoplasm divides
What is the result of mitosis?
2 new cells containing exactly the same DNA- genetically identical to each other and parent
what does sexual reproduction produce?
genetically different cells
what are gametes?
sex cells
what are the gametes in humans
sperm and egg cells
what are the gametes in plants?
ovule and pollen
what happens when gametes fuse?
fertilization- they form a zygote ( full set of chromosomes)
what happens to the zygote?
it undergoes cell division ( BY MITOSIS ) and develops into an embryo
how are gametes HAPLOID?
they have half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell ( 23 )
As there are 2 parents in sexual reproduction the offspring contain..
A mixture of their parents’ genes
how are gametes produced?
by MEIOSIS
Where does meiosis happen in humans?
Reproductive organs ( ovaries and testes)
What does meiosis produce?
4 haploid cells whose chromosomes are not identical
