Nutrition- pre made

Question 1

Define the term photosynthesis.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to produce carbon compounds, such as carbohydrates.

Question 2

What is the energy conversion that occurs during photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The energy conversion that occurs during photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

Question 3

True or False? Carbon dioxide is a product of photosynthesis.

Answer 3

False.

Carbon dioxide is a reactant in photosynthesis; it combines with water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 4

What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

Answer 4

The role of chloroplasts is to absorb light energy during photosynthesis.

Question 5

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

The word equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

Question 6

True or False? Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.

Answer 6

True.

Chlorophyll, a green pigment found inside chloroplasts, absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 7

True or False? Plants are known as producers because they produce their own food.

Answer 7

True.

Plants produce their own carbon compounds using light energy, water and carbon dioxide; for this reason they are known as producers.

Question 8

How is glucose used inside plant cells?

Answer 8

Examples of ways in which plant cells can use glucose include: Respiration, Storage (in the form of starch), The production of cellulose cell walls, Conversion into lipids and amino acids.

Question 9

What happens to oxygen in photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Oxygen is produced as a waste product and released from leaves via the stomata. Note that some of this oxygen may be used by the plant for respiration.

Question 10

True or False? Without photosynthesis plants cannot produce proteins.

Answer 10

True.

Photosynthesis is needed for the production of proteins because it produces glucose, which can be combined with soil minerals to produce amino acids.

Question 11

What is the role of water in the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 11

Water is a reactant in photosynthesis. It reacts with carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 12

True or False? Light energy is a reactant in photosynthesis.

Answer 12

False.

Light is required for photosynthesis, but it is not a chemical substance and so is not considered to be a reactant in photosynthesis.

Question 13

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 13

The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6.

Question 14

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.

Question 15

True or False? Chlorophyll is used up in the photosynthesis reaction.

Answer 15

False.

Chlorophyll is not a reactant, and so is not used up during the photosynthesis reaction.

Question 16

How many molecules of water and carbon dioxide are needed to produce a single molecule of glucose?

Answer 16

6 molecules of water and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide are needed to produce a single glucose molecule.

Question 17

True or False? The photosynthesis equation is the same as the aerobic respiration equation in reverse.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

What is the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

The balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Question 19

Define the term limiting factor in the context of photosynthesis.

Answer 19

A limiting factor is a factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 20

What are the three main factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

The three main limiting factors for photosynthesis are: Temperature, Light intensity, Carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 21

True or False? Water is a limiting factor in photosynthesis.

Answer 21

False.

Water is not considered a limiting factor in photosynthesis; this is because plants need relatively little water for photosynthesis.

Question 22

Why does the rate of photosynthesis slow down at low temperatures?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis occurs slowly at low temperatures because molecules (such as enzymes involved in photosynthesis) have little kinetic energy.

Question 23

True or False? The rate of photosynthesis increases consistently as temperature increases.

Answer 23

False.

Rate of photosynthesis only increases with temperature up to a certain point, after which higher temperatures lead to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 24

Why do very high temperatures cause photosynthesis to stop?

Answer 24

At very high temperatures the enzymes that control photosynthesis denature, meaning that the reaction can no longer take place.

Question 25

True or False? In a graph of light intensity against the rate of photosynthesis, the part of the graph where the line is horizontal indicates a point where light is the limiting factor.

Answer 25

False. ## Footnote In a graph of light intensity against rate of photosynthesis, the level part of the graph shows a point at which a factor other than light intensity is limiting.

Question 26

What is the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 26

The higher the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis. This continues until another factor becomes limiting.

Question 27

What is the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 27

The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the faster the rate of photosynthesis. This continues until another factor becomes limiting.

Question 28

True or False? In a graph of carbon dioxide concentration against the rate of photosynthesis, the part of the graph where the line is horizontal could indicate a point at which temperature is the limiting factor.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

How does gas exchange occur in plants?

Answer 29

Gas exchange in plants occurs via the stomata. Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves while oxygen diffuses out.

Question 30

True or False? The role of the waxy cuticle is to reduce water loss from leaves by evaporation.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

How is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted to maximise photosynthesis?

Answer 31

The palisade mesophyll layer contains tall, thin cells that pack together closely. These cells contain many chloroplasts to maximise light absorption.

Question 32

True or False? Air spaces in the spongy mesophyll of leaves function to increase internal leaf surface area.

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

What is the role of guard cells in leaves?

Answer 33

Guard cells can change shape to open or close the stomata. This allows plants to control the rate of water loss from leaves.

Question 34

What is a vascular bundle in plants?

Answer 34

Vascular bundles in plants contain xylem and phloem for transport of useful substances, such as water, around the plant.

Question 35

True or False? Phloem tissue carries water and minerals to the leaves of plants.

Answer 35

False. ## Footnote Phloem vessels carry sucrose and amino acids around inside plants.

Question 36

Why is it beneficial for leaves to be broad while having a thin cross-section?

Answer 36

It is beneficial for leaves to be broad and thin because: Being broad maximises surface area for light absorption, Being thin reduces diffusion distance for gas exchange.

Question 37

True or False? The palisade mesophyll layer is located towards the top of a leaf.

Answer 37

True.

Question 38

True or False? The cells of the spongy mesophyll are tall and narrow.

Answer 38

False.

Question 39

True or False? Plants absorb all of the molecules that they need from the soil.

Answer 39

False. ## Footnote Plants make carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

Question 40

What element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Answer 40

Nitrogen is present in proteins but not carbohydrates.

Question 41

Name two essential mineral ions required by plants.

Answer 41

Two essential mineral ions required by plants are: Nitrates, Magnesium ions.

Question 42

True or False? Plants need nitrates so they can build proteins.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

How do plants obtain mineral ions like nitrates and magnesium?

Answer 43

Plants obtain these mineral ions by active transport from the soil into root hair cells.

Question 44

Why do plants need magnesium ions?

Answer 44

Magnesium ions are needed for the production of chlorophyll, which is essential for light absorption in photosynthesis.

Question 45

A plant with yellowing leaves and stunted growth is likely to be deficient in which mineral?

Answer 45

Yellowing leaves and stunted growth are symptoms of nitrate deficiency.

Question 46

What is a symptom of magnesium deficiency in plants?

Answer 46

A symptom of magnesium deficiency in plants is yellowing leaves, particularly in between the leaf veins.

Question 47

How could you test for the evolution of oxygen gas in photosynthesis using a water plant?

Answer 47

Evolution of oxygen gas can be tested by placing a water plant under water and collecting bubbles of oxygen gas using an upturned funnel and a boiling tube.

Question 48

What is the purpose of the de-starching step in photosynthesis investigations?

Answer 48

The purpose of de-starching the plant by placing it in the dark for 24 hours is to ensure any pre-existing starch in the leaves is used up.

Question 49

True or False? Boiling a leaf in ethanol removes the chlorophyll before testing for starch.

Answer 49

True.

Question 50

What chemical is used to test for the presence of starch in a leaf?

Answer 50

Iodine solution is used to test for starch; it turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Question 51

True or False? A leaf that has been de-starched and then covered in foil for 24 hours will turn blue-black when iodine is added.

Answer 51

False.

Question 52

What is the purpose of potassium hydroxide when investigating the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

Answer 52

Potassium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.

Question 53

Give one variable that should be kept the same when testing the requirement for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. (CORMMS)

Answer 53

A variable that should be kept the same (control variable) could be: Light intensity / whether or not the leaf was exposed to light.

Question 54

Why should Bunsen flames be turned off before boiling leaves in ethanol when testing leaves for the presence of starch?

Answer 54

Flames should not be present when boiling leaves in ethanol because ethanol is highly flammable.

Question 55

Why do we use variegated leaves when investigating the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Answer 55

A variegated leaf has regions of green and white, where the green regions do contain chlorophyll but the white regions do not.

Question 56

What is the independent variable when testing the requirement for chlorophyll in photosynthesis? (CORMMS)

Answer 56

The independent variable when testing for the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is whether the area of leaf tested is green or white.

Question 57

True or False? A balanced diet includes all nutrients in equal quantities.

Answer 57

False. ## Footnote A balanced diet consists of all nutrients in their correct proportions.

Question 58

Define the term balanced diet.

Answer 58

A balanced diet consists of all essential nutrients in their correct proportions.

Question 59

What are the key components of a balanced diet?

Answer 59

The key components of a balanced diet are: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Dietary fibre, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.

Question 60

True or False? Not having a balanced diet can lead to malnutrition.

Answer 60

True.

Question 61

What are minerals?

Answer 61

Minerals are chemical elements essential for many processes in the body.

Question 62

True or False? Calcium is part of a balanced diet.

Answer 62

True.

Question 63

True or False? Carbohydrates are a source of energy.

Answer 63

True.

Question 64

Why are proteins needed in the body?

Answer 64

Proteins are essential for repair and growth.

Question 65

What is the function of lipids in the body?

Answer 65

Lipids act as an energy store, protect vital organs, and help reduce heat loss.