Reproduction Flashcards
Swine rich poverty at about ________ of age
5 months
It is the beginning of the reproductive capability or sexual maturity of the animals
Puberty
Sauce and sexually mature guilds normally undergo periodic heat periods or estrous cycle which last _______?
18-24 days (21 days average)
The period of sexual receptivity called the stress or heat period that will last from….
2-5 days
Increasing estrogen secretion as the ooxide and follicle mature towards ovulation are the release of the egg
Follicular phase
This is the stage of follicular phase where estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone are secreted increasing and preparation for estrous. small pulses of luteinizing hormones also begin to be released.
Proestrus
This develop from day 17 to day 21
Proestrus
Estrogen,LH, And FSH have all declined and the female is no longer sexually receptive to the boar. the ovarian follicles which released oocyte during ovulation begin the process of luteinization to become the corpus hemorrhagicum and then the corpus luteum . with the formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone secretion begins
Metestrus
It is the stage of follicular phase where oxide has REACHED maturity where estrogen FSH and LH secretion peaks causing the follicle to RUPTURE and ovulation to occur
Estrus
This is the longest stage of the estrous cycle because recognition of pregnancy happens during the phase. during this stage progesterone continuous to increase around day 12 of gestation. at this time the presence of viable embryos will enable pregnancy to persist, if no viable oocyte are detected by day 15 of gestation prostaglandin f2 alpha will act upon the CL causing it to regress and reduce secretion of progesterone this is the longest
Diestrus
What are the phases of follicular phase
Proestrus and estrus
What are the phases luteal phase have
Metestrus diestrus
Methods in determining sexual receptivity in sows and gilts
Back pressure test
Riding the back test
Teaser boar method
examination of external signs of stress and records
Common signs of estrus
*Swelling and reddening of vulva
*Thick mucus discharge
*Mounting other animals or willingness to be mounted
*Restlessness
*Frequent urinate with very little or no urine at all
*Difficult to be moved or transfer in the presence of a boar
*Reacts to the boars mating sounds
Pregnancy or gestation periods in gilts and sows ranges from ______; average________
110 to 119 day ; 114 days
Common signs of pregnancy are
*Cessation of estrous cycle
*Develops good appetite and fattens readily
*Enlargement of the abdomen toward the latter parts of pregnancy
Animals in advanced stage of pregnancy show the following signs:
*Enlargement, swelling and reddening of external genitalia
*Nervousness and restlessness
*Fully distended mammary gland
*Presence of milk indicating farrowing within 24 hours
*Nest building in sows raised it pasture
Methods or equipments used in pregnancy diagnosis are as follows:
*Review of records
*Evaluation of external signs
*Ultrasound amplitude depth ultrasound machines
*Ultrasounds doppler test
*Ultrasound scanner
Advantages of detecting early pregnancy
Early identification of sows for culling
Early warning of breeding problems due to infertile boars
Enables the producer to make efficient use of his breeding facilities
Prevent selling of pregnancy sows
It is the mating systems which involves bringing the boar to mate an “ in heat” gilt or sow or vice versa and then separating the two after mating. this practice is termed as handmating.
a good record will help identify compatible mating system
Natural mating
Handmating is practiced for the following reasons
Allows producers to easily identify which sow or gilt is bred and which is not
Permits the prediction of the farrowing date
Allows producers to easily determine the reproductive performance of the sow
It is the most practical and deficient method to carry out genetic improvement in swine is through____
Artificial insemination
The AI technique has gained wide acceptance among many filipinos swine raisers due to the following advantage
Increases the number of sows that can be serviced by the boar
Eliminates injuries
Reduces sexually transmitted diseases
Allows more raisers to keep a few sows without maintaining a boar
Allows economical use of performance tested boars
Access for breeding distantly located females more conveniently and with less transport cost
Physical evaluation of semen through its ______
Color
smell
weight or volume
