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Athavan English > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two types of reproduction

A

sexual and asexual reproduction

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2
Q

how many parents does asexual reproduction have?

A

one parent

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3
Q

how do the cells divide in asexual reproduction

A

mitosis

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4
Q

what is the problem with asexual reproduction

A

there is no variation

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5
Q

what does asexual reproduction produce

A

clones (genetically identical to the parents)

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6
Q

give examples of things that reproduce asexually

A
  1. plants
  2. fungi
  3. body cells
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7
Q

in sexual reproduction how many gametes are there?

A

two - a male and a female

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8
Q

what do the gametes do in sexual reproduction

A

the gametes fuse to form a zygote

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9
Q

what cell division forms gametes?

A

meiosis

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10
Q

each gamete has how many chromosomes

A

half of the full number
(in humans, that is 23)

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11
Q

what are the gametes in plants

A

egg cells
pollen

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12
Q

what is good about sexual reproduction

A

it has variation which is important for long term survival

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13
Q

describe the meiosis process

A

1.genetic information is copied so there are four sets of chromosomes
2. cells divide twice to form four gametes

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14
Q

what is a haploid

A

a cell with half the number of chromosomes
(HAP=HALF)

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15
Q

what is a diploid

A

a cell with the full set of chromosomes

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16
Q

what are alleles

A

different forms of the same gene

17
Q

what is the structure of DNA

A

double-helix structure

18
Q

what are genes

A

sections of dna that code for protein

19
Q

what is homozygote

A

the same alleles for a characteristic

20
Q

what is heterozygote

A

different alleles for the same characteristic

21
Q

dominant alleles

A

that is the allele that we see

22
Q

recessive alleles

A

we only see this if BOTH of the alleles are recessive

23
Q

what are the sex chromosomes for girls

A

XX

24
Q

what are the sex chromosomes for boys

A

XY

25
Q

what is polydactyly

A

when some babies have extra fingers or toes

26
Q

is polydactyly caused by dominant or recessive allele

A

dominant

27
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

a lung condition when the person has too much mucus

28
Q

what is the treatment for cystic fibrosis

A

physiotherapy
antibiotics

29
Q

is cystic fibrosis caused by a dominant or recessive allele?

A

recessive

30
Q

what is amniocentesis

A

you take some amniotic fluid out and screen the cells in it

31
Q

what are the risks of amniocentesis

A

miscarriage

32
Q

problems with screening for genetic diseases

A
  1. sometimes they give false positives
  2. they are expensive

Athavan English (10 decks)

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