Reproduction

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction?

Question 2

What are gametes?

Answer 2

Specialized sex cells that are produced

Question 3

What are the two names of gametes produced in sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Male - sperm cell
Female - egg cell

Question 4

What is fertilisation?

Answer 4

When the sperm cell moves to the egg and joins with it

Question 5

What is the single cell when a sperm and egg cell meet called?

Answer 5

A zygote

Question 6

What happens to the cell after the sperm and egg fuse (meet)?

Answer 6

It will be divided many times by MITOSIS to form all the cells of a new animal

Question 7

What happens in asexual reproduction?

Answer 7

No gametes or fertilisation, but the cells in a certain part of the animals body divide by mitosis in a structure that eventually breaks away from the parent body and grows into a new organism

Question 8

What is a main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 8

When asexual reproduction happens the offspring is genetically identical to the parent

Question 9

Why does the offspring become genetically identical to the parent when asexual reproduction happens?

Answer 9

Because when the cell in the adult body divides by mitosis, the new cells produced are exact couples of the original cell

Question 10

What are the 4 stages in sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

1. Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are produced
2. Sperm is transferred to egg
3. Fertilisation occurs
4. The zygote is produced

Question 11

Where are sperm cells produced?

Answer 11

Testes

Question 12

Where are eggs produced?

Answer 12

Ovaries

Question 13

How are the gametes produced?

Answer 13

When cells inside these organs (testes and ovaries) are divided by meiosis

Question 14

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 14

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells and meiosis produces cells that are genetically different and only contain half the DNA

Question 15

What is external fertilisation?

Answer 15

In fish, when the male releases sperm into the water they live in, and females release their egg into the water, the sperm swims using FLAGELLUM and fuses with the egg

Answer 16

The sperm cell’s nucleus has to enter the egg cell and fuse with the egg’s nucleus

Question 17

How many cells does the sperm (and egg) cell have?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

How many cells does the zygote have and why?

Answer 18

46, because there are 23 cells in the sperm and egg cell since meiosis happens, and they fuse together to make 46

Question 19

Where is the egg released into?

Answer 19

The oviduct from the ovaries

Question 20

What happens when an egg is fertilised?

Answer 20

It turns into a zygote, and then into an embryo

Question 21

Where will the embryo be?

Answer 21

In the lining of the uterus

Question 22

What does an embryo develop?

Answer 22

Placenta

Question 23

What does the placenta do?

Answer 23

It helps the baby receive oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood and also helps it get rid of waste such as carbon dioxide and urea

Question 24

What does placenta secrete?

Answer 24

Progesterone

Question 25

What does progesterone do?

Answer 25

It helps maintain the pregnancy and prevent the embryo from aborting

Question 26

What is an amnion and what does it do?

Answer 26

It is a membrane, which encloses the developing embryo

Question 27

When can you call a baby a foetus?

Answer 27

When it becomes recognizably human (zygote -> embryo -> foetus)

Question 27

WHat does the amnion secrete?

Answer 27

Amniotic fluid, which protects the baby from sudden bumps.

Question 28

What are the three stages to the birth of a baby?

Answer 28

1. Dilation of the cervix
2. Delivery of the baby
3. Delivery of the afterbirth

Question 29

What happens when the cervix dilates?

Answer 29

As it gets wider for the baby to pass through, the cervix lining contracts strongly, tearing the amnion (this is when someones water breaks)

Question 30

What happens in the delivery of the afterbirth?

Answer 30

The uterus continues to contract, pushing out the placenta and the membranes that surrounded the baby

Question 31

Why does puberty happen?

Answer 31

So that teens become sexually mature

Question 32

What changes to males go through during puberty?

Answer 32

-sperm production starts
-growth and development of penis
-voice breaks
-armpit, facial and public hair grows

Question 33

What changes do girls go through during puberty?

Answer 33

-breasts develop
-period starts
-increase in body mass
-hips get wider

Question 34

What is oestrogen?

Answer 34

Comes from the ovaries, and produces female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development

Question 35

What happens in days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 35

Period, because uterus lining is shed

Question 36

What happens from days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 36

New uterus lining is created

Question 37

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 37

Egg is created from ovary

Question 38

What is a function of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 38

To control the development of the uterus lining (womb)

Question 39

What happens to the egg if it is nor fertilised?

Answer 39

Period

Question 40

What is FSH?

Answer 40

A hormone that switches on the growth of a follicle which creates the egg

Question 41

What does progesterone do in terms of periods?

Answer 41

It completes the development of the uterus lining