Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

A
  • Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical copies
  • Sexual reproduction involves the combination of sperm and egg cells to create a zygote
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2
Q

What is the difference between a zygote and an embryo?

A

The zygote is the diploid cell formed from the fusion of a sperm and egg cell, it becomes an embryo after it begins to divide

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3
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction

A

Advantage - It introduces variation
Disadvantage - It is slower and produces a limited amount of offspring

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4
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction

A

Advantage - It produces lots of offspring quickly
Disadvantage - It does not introduce variation and so all offspring are susceptible to the same environmental pressures as the parents

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5
Q

State 3 features of insect pollinated plants

A
  • Bright coloured flowers
  • Sweet nectar
  • Sticky pollen
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6
Q

State 3 features of wind pollinated plants

A
  • No bright colours
  • Stigma exposed to the air
  • Light pollen
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7
Q

Describe the process of fertilisation in plants

A
  • Pollen grain lands on the stigma
  • Pollen tube begins to grow from the pollen grain into the ovary
  • Pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the egg
  • Fruit and seeds form from the egg
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8
Q

How can seeds grow before they can photosynthesise?

A

They use energy stores of starch

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9
Q

Give one natural example of plant cloning

A

Plant runners from strawberries and spider plants

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10
Q

Give one artificial example of plant cloning

A

Tissue cuttings placed in a growth medium

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11
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Oestrogen causes the uterus lining to thicken

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12
Q

Where is oestrogen secreted from?

A

The ovaries

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13
Q

What hormone does oestrogen inhibit?

A

Oestrogen inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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14
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Progesterone maintains the uterus lining

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15
Q

Where is progesterone secreted from?

A

The ovaries

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16
Q

What hormones do progesterone inhibit?

A

Progesterone inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

17
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

A

FSH stimulates the follicle to mature and release oestrogen

18
Q

What does luteinising hormone (LH) do?

A

A surge in LH causes the release of an egg from a follicle (ovulation)

19
Q

Where is FSH secreted from?

A

The anterior pituitary gland

20
Q

Where is LH secreted from?

A

The anterior pituitary gland

21
Q

Where are eggs produced?

A

In the ovaries

22
Q

How are eggs adapted to their function?

A
  • They are very large cells
  • They contain a large cytoplasm for the lots of divides they undergo
  • They have haploid nucleus
23
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

A
  • Acrosome contains enzymes so the sperm can penetrate the egg
  • Haploid nucleus
  • Tail so that it can swim to the egg
  • Lots of mitochondria for energy
24
Q

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?

A

To protect the developing fetus

25
Q

What is the purpose of the placenta?

A

To allow nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother to the fetus during development

26
Q

What role does oestrogen play during puberty?

A
  • Increases breast size
  • Triggers the development of the uterus
  • It causes eggs to mature during the menstrual cycle
27
Q

What role does testosterone play during puberty?

A
  • Triggers growth and development of the penis and testes
  • Causes the voice to deepen
  • Triggers the growth of pubic hair
  • Increases muscle mass
28
Q

Label the reproductive structure of a plant

A