Reproduction

Question 1

What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

• Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical copies
• Sexual reproduction involves the combination of sperm and egg cells to create a zygote

Question 2

What is the difference between a zygote and an embryo?

Answer 2

The zygote is the diploid cell formed from the fusion of a sperm and egg cell, it becomes an embryo after it begins to divide

Question 3

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 3

Advantage - It introduces variation
Disadvantage - It is slower and produces a limited amount of offspring

Question 4

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Advantage - It produces lots of offspring quickly
Disadvantage - It does not introduce variation and so all offspring are susceptible to the same environmental pressures as the parents

Question 5

State 3 features of insect pollinated plants

Answer 5

• Bright coloured flowers
• Sweet nectar
• Sticky pollen

Question 6

State 3 features of wind pollinated plants

Answer 6

• No bright colours
• Stigma exposed to the air
• Light pollen

Question 7

Describe the process of fertilisation in plants

Answer 7

• Pollen grain lands on the stigma
• Pollen tube begins to grow from the pollen grain into the ovary
• Pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the egg
• Fruit and seeds form from the egg

Question 8

How can seeds grow before they can photosynthesise?

Answer 8

They use energy stores of starch

Question 9

Give one natural example of plant cloning

Answer 9

Plant runners from strawberries and spider plants

Question 10

Give one artificial example of plant cloning

Answer 10

Tissue cuttings placed in a growth medium

Question 11

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 11

Oestrogen causes the uterus lining to thicken

Question 12

Where is oestrogen secreted from?

Answer 12

The ovaries

Question 13

What hormone does oestrogen inhibit?

Answer 13

Oestrogen inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 14

What does progesterone do?

Answer 14

Progesterone maintains the uterus lining

Question 15

Where is progesterone secreted from?

Answer 15

The ovaries

Question 16

What hormones do progesterone inhibit?

Answer 16

Progesterone inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 17

What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 17

FSH stimulates the follicle to mature and release oestrogen

Question 18

What does luteinising hormone (LH) do?

Answer 18

A surge in LH causes the release of an egg from a follicle (ovulation)

Question 19

Where is FSH secreted from?

Answer 19

The anterior pituitary gland

Question 20

Where is LH secreted from?

Answer 20

The anterior pituitary gland

Question 21

Where are eggs produced?

Answer 21

In the ovaries

Question 22

How are eggs adapted to their function?

Answer 22

• They are very large cells
• They contain a large cytoplasm for the lots of divides they undergo
• They have haploid nucleus

Question 23

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

Answer 23

• Acrosome contains enzymes so the sperm can penetrate the egg
• Haploid nucleus
• Tail so that it can swim to the egg
• Lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 24

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?

Answer 24

To protect the developing fetus

Question 25

What is the purpose of the placenta?

Answer 25

To allow nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother to the fetus during development

Question 26

What role does oestrogen play during puberty?

Answer 26

• Increases breast size
• Triggers the development of the uterus
• It causes eggs to mature during the menstrual cycle

Question 27

What role does testosterone play during puberty?

Answer 27

• Triggers growth and development of the penis and testes
• Causes the voice to deepen
• Triggers the growth of pubic hair
• Increases muscle mass

Question 28

Label the reproductive structure of a plant

Answer 28