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Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sexual reproduction:

A
  • male and female gametes are needed
  • offspring arent identical to parents
  • fertilisation involved
  • small number of offspring
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2
Q

asexual reproduction

A
  • only one individual neeeded
  • offspring have the same genes as the parent (identical)
  • fertilisation isnt involved
  • large number of offspring
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3
Q

haploid cells

A

contain half the amount of DNA

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4
Q

diploid cells

A

contain full set of genetic instructions

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5
Q

egg

A
  • only a few produced
  • unable to move
  • contain large food store
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6
Q

sperm

A
  • specially strengthened head
  • small and streamlined
  • contains enzymes to break through things
  • millions produced
  • swim with a tail
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7
Q

womb

A

where the baby grows

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8
Q

ovary

A

produces eggs

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9
Q

oviduct

A

where the egg is fertilised

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10
Q

cervix

A

neck of the womb

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11
Q

testes

A

produce sperm

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12
Q

glands

A

make liquid for sperm to swim in

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13
Q

erectile tissue

A

makes the penis hard

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14
Q

ovulation

A

the release of an egg from the ovary. It happens every 28 days

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15
Q

ejaculation

A

the ejection of sperm through the penis. Millions of sperm are produced

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16
Q

fertilisation

A

when the egg and the sperm nuclei meet. It results in the formation of a zygote

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17
Q

implantation

A

the embryo sinks into the uterus lining

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18
Q

what happens next

A
  • once the sperm fertilises the egg the egg formed is called a zygote
  • the zygote copies itself lots of times and forms an embryo. The embryo embeds itself into the uterus
  • the embryo grows into a foetus
19
Q

amnion

A

surrounds the foetus forming a sac a like structure

20
Q

amniotic fluid

A

protects the developing foetus

21
Q

placenta

A

passes food and oxygen from the mothers blood into the blood of the foetus. Carbon and waste products pass from the blood of the foetus to the mother’s blood

22
Q

testes produce

A

testosterone

23
Q

ovaries produce

A

oestrogen

24
Q

name three changes that happen during puberty in men

A
  • voice gets deeper
  • penis gets larger
  • testes produce sperm
25
Q

name three changes that happen during puberty in women

A
  • breasts develop
  • menstruation begins
  • ovaries start to release eggs
26
Q

menstruation cycle

A

days 1 - 5: The lining of the uterus breaks down( if no fertilisation has occured ) and blood comes out of the vagina
days 5 -10: The uterus develops into a thick layer of blood vessels
11 - 16: an egg is released from the ovary. This is called ovulation. Fertilisation can occur
16 - 30: the womb lining stays thick for 14 days

27
Q

flower

A

contains male and female sex organs

28
Q

leaf

A

contain chloroplasts. It is where food is made by photosynthesis

29
Q

stem

A

provides support and transport system for water and minerals

30
Q

roots

A

anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals from the soil

31
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive part

32
Q

anther

A

pollen grain grows here

33
Q

filament

A

holds the anther in the air

34
Q

carpel

A

female reproductive part

35
Q

stigma

A

becomes sticky during pollination. Pollen sticks there

36
Q

style

A

holds the stigma in the air to collect pollen

37
Q

ovary

A

where ovules grow

38
Q

ovules

A

contain the female sex cell

39
Q

egg

A

female sex cell

40
Q

sepal

A

protects the flower before it blossoms

41
Q

petal

A

attracts insects

42
Q

pollination

A

the transfer of pollen

43
Q

describe pollination and fertilisation

A
  • a bee reaches to a flower to feed on pollen
  • pollen rubs of into the bee
  • the bee enters the next flower
  • pollen sticks to the stigma
  • the pollen grows a pollen tube, which begins to grow
  • the end of the pollen tube opens and its nucleus moves down it. It eventually fuses with the nucleus of the egg to form a zygote
44
Q

after fertilisation

A

the egg becomes the embryonic plant, the ovule becomes the seed and the ovary swells and becomes the fruit

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