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Science > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Respiration is…

A

the release of energy in a cell

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2
Q

Whats the word equation for respiration…

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Energy + Water

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3
Q

The air we inhale contains…

A

21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide

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4
Q

The air we exhale contains…

A

16% oxygen and 4.04% carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What chemical can we use to test for carbon dioxide in the air?

A

Limewater

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6
Q

Why does exhaled air contains less oxygen than inhaled air

A

Some oxygen goes into different cells for respiration

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7
Q

Parts of the breathing system are…

A

Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveoli

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8
Q

What is gas exchange

A

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the red blood cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.

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9
Q

Describe the route taken by the blood

A

Blood low in oxygen enters the right side of the heart by veins to get pumped to the lung. It gets oxygenated and return to the left side of the heart by arteries to get pumped to the rest of the body

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10
Q

Blood vessels are…

A

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

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11
Q

Veins are…

A

low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide, they have a thin wall and go from the body to the heart

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12
Q

Arteries are…

A

Rich in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide, have a thick wall and go from the heart to the rest of the body

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13
Q

Capillaries are…

A

oxygenated and deoxygenated, have one cell thick wall and connect the arteries and the veins

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14
Q

Red blood cells…

A

transfer oxygen from the lungs to the cells. Contain haemoglobin

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15
Q

White blood cells…

A

Help us fight infections

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16
Q

Platelets are…

A

small fragments that clot when we get injured to prevent blood loss

17
Q

Plasma is..

A

a yellow liquid that transfers nutrients, hormones that control our body and antibodies that help us fight diseases

18
Q

Carbohydrates…

A

Include starch and glucose, are the main fuel for supplying energy to cells. Can be found in Potatoes and bread

19
Q

Proteins…

A

Growth and repair of organism. Can be found in Meat and fish

20
Q

Lipids…

A

Long term storage of energy, Used for insulation, fat can protect organs from damage. They can be found in oil and butter

21
Q

Fibre…

A

Our bodies require fibre in small quantities. It helps with constipation and reduces risk of developing colon cancer. Its found in fruits and vegetables

22
Q

Vitamins…

A

needed in small amounts to keep us healthy

23
Q

Vitamin A

A

Good vision, dry eyes, carrots

24
Q

Vitamin C

A

Strong gums, bleeding gums, oranges

25
Q

Vitamin D

A

Strong bones, soft bones, egg yolk

26
Q

Minerals are…

A

not a source of energy but essential in small quantities

27
Q

Calcium…

A

Making teeth and bones strong

28
Q

Test for starch

A

Drop iodine solution to a food sample. The color should go from brown to blue black

29
Q

Test for glucose…

A

Add a drop of benedict to a food solution in a test tube and put it in a heated water . The color should change from blue to brick red

30
Q

What is the importance of starch…

A

Starch is broken down into glucose, which is used in cellular respiration

31
Q

What is the importance of glucose

A

Its used in cellular respiration for the release of energy

32
Q

Digestion is…

A

the process of breaking down large insoluble molecules into small soluble ones

33
Q

Enzymes are

A

chemicals use to break down proteins, carbohydrates into smaller nutrient molecules(such as starch into glucose) so they can be absorbed into the small intestine. As blood circulates it carries them to cells around the body

34
Q

Food that cant be broken down…

A

Are passed to the large intestine which absorbs their water. The remaining substances are removed through the anus in a process called egestion

35
Q

The route taken for digestion

A

Mouth, oesophagus , stomach , liver , small intestine , (if not broken down) to the large intestine, to the anus

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