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Board Review - C - Reproductive > Repro VI > Flashcards

Repro VI Flashcards

1
Q

leiomyoma

A

fibroid of endometrium

higher in AAs

B9 smooth m tumor

estrogen sensitive - increased with pregnancy, decreased with menopause

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2
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial gland outside uterus

can be anywhere

ovary - chocolate cyst

cyclic pelvic pain, bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility

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3
Q

tx of endometriosis

A 
NSAID
OCP
progestin
GnRH agonist
danazol

laparoscopic removal

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4
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of endometrium

with retained product of pregnancy or foreign body

tx - gentamicin or clincamycin

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5
Q

endometrial hyperplasia

A

too much estrogen stimulation

risk of endometrial carcinoma

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6
Q

endometrial cancer

A

MC gyn malignancy

55-65yo women

risk fx - unopposed estrogen, obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparous, late menopause, lynch syndrome

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7
Q

fibroadenoma

A

B9 breast tumor

of stroma

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8
Q

intraductal papilloma

A

B9 small tumor in lactiferous duct of breast

secrete bloody and serous nipple discharge

risk of carcinoma

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9
Q

phyllodes tumor

A

B9 large bulky breast mass - CT and cysts

leaf like projection

often 5th decade

may become malignant

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10
Q

proliferative breast disease

A

fibrosis - hyperplastic stroma
cystic - fluid filled - ductal dilation
sclerosing adenosis - more acini and fibrosis - calcify
epithelial hyperplasia - epi layers in term duct lobule

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11
Q

lactation mastitis

A

during breastfeeding

higher risk bacterial infection - cracks in nipple

staph aureus - MC pathogen

tx dicloxacillin

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12
Q

fat necrosis

A

B9 painless lump
-after trauma to breast

abnormal calcification

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13
Q

gynecomastia

A

breast large in males

hyperestrogen

klinefelters, drugs, physiologic

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14
Q

malignant breast tumors

A

postmenopause

overexpression - c-erbB2 (Her2)

triple negative - more aggressive

axillary nodes - mets - most important prognostic factor

most often upper outer quadrant of breast`

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15
Q

risk malignant breast ca

A 
estrogen
older age 1st birth
obesity
BRCA1 and 2
AA
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16
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

fill ductal lumen

from ductal atypia

see early as microcalcifications

17
Q

comedocarcinoma

A

ductal central necrosis

subtype DCIS

18
Q

paget disease

A

underlying DCIS

or invasive breast ca

eczematous patch on nipple

paget cell - large cell in epidermis with halo

extramammary - on vulva

19
Q

invasive ductal carcinoma of breast

A

worst and most invasive and MC

firm fibrous rock hard mass sharp marins

stellate infiltration

20
Q

invasive lobular breast tumor

A

orderly row of cells - indian file

los E-cadherin

21
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A

dermal lymph invasion

get pea d’orange
-when block lymph drainage

50% survival 4 years

22
Q

peyronie disease

A

fibrous plaque of penis

with ED

23
Q

priapism

A

longer than 4 hours - painful

association - trauma, sickle cell, meds

tx with corporal aspiration

24
Q

SCC of penis

A

asia, africa, s. america

bowen disease - precursor

association with HPV and lack of circumcision

25
Q

cryptorchidism

A

lack of testes descent

increased risk germ cell tumor

low inhibin, high FSH and LH, low testosterone (if B/L)

26
Q

varicocele

A

MCC scrotal enlargement males

more on left side

bag of worms

infertility - increased temp

27
Q

testicular mass does not transilluminate

A

cancer

28
Q

scrotal mass transilluminate

A

hydrocele

spermatocele

29
Q

testicular tumors

A

95% germ cell

risk fx - cryptorchidism and klinefelters

30
Q

choriocarcinoma of testes

A

high hCG

31
Q

seminoma of testicle

A

painless testicle enlargement
MC testicle tumor

3rd decade

fried egg appearance

increased placental ALP

late mets - good prognosis

32
Q

reinke crystals

A

leydig cell tumor of testicle

eosinophil cytoplasm inclusion

33
Q

MC testicular cancer older men

A

metastatic lymphoma

34
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

men older than 50yo

smooth elastic firm nodular enlargement of periurethral lobes (lateral and middle lobes)

compress urethra into vertical split

elevated PSA

35
Q

tx of BPH

A

a1 antagonist
relax smooth m

5a reductase inhibitor - less DHT

36
Q

prostatitis

A

dysuria, frequency, urgency, low back pain

bacterial - E. coli

37
Q

prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

posterior lobe of prostate - peripheral zone

can detect this area on DRE

diagnosis - elevated PSA and needle core biopsy

PAP and PSA - useful tumor marker

mets to vertebrae - elevated ALP and PSA

Board Review - C - Reproductive (6 decks)

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