Repro III

Question 1

1st branchial pouch

Answer 1

middle ear, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

Question 2

2nd branchial pouch

Answer 2

epithelial lining palatine tonsil

Question 3

3rd branchial pouch

Answer 3

dorsal wings - inferior parathyroids
ventral wings - thymus

3rd go below 4th

Question 4

4th branchial pouch

Answer 4

dorsal wing - superior parathyroid

Question 5

digeorge syndrome

Answer 5

aberrant develop 3rd and 4th branchial pouches

get thymic aplasia and hypocalcemia
-thymus and parathyroid

also - cardiac defects

Question 6

MEN2a

Answer 6

RET mutation - neural crest

adrenal medulla - pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid cancer - parafollicle cells - pouch 4/5
-parathyroid tumor - pouch 3/4

Question 7

cleft lip

Answer 7

failure fusion maxillary and medial nasal process

formation of primary palate

Question 8

cleft palate

Answer 8

failure fusion of two lateral palatine processes

failure fusion of lateral palatine process with nasal septum and median palatine process

Question 9

SRY gene

Answer 9

on Y chromosome
-code testis determining factor

1 stimulate sertoli cell

• release mullerian inhibitory factor
• degeneration of paramesonephric nullerian duct - female internal

2 stimulate leydig cell

• release testosterone
• testosterone causes wolffian duct to form male internal genital
• testosterone converted to DHT - 5a reductase
• DHT causes male external genital and prostate formation

Question 10

paramesonephric duct

Answer 10

mullerian

female internal genitalia
-fallopian tube, uterus, upper vagina

agenesis - primary amenorrhea despite secondary sex characters - functional ovaries

Question 11

mesonephric duct

Answer 11

wolffian

male internal genitalia
-seminal vesicle, epididymis, ejac duct, ductus deferens

SEED

Question 12

septate uterus

Answer 12

incomplete resorption of septum

low fertility
-tx - septoplasty

Question 13

bicornuate uretus

Answer 13

incomplete fusion mullerian duct

risk complicated pregnancy

Question 14

uterus didelphys

Answer 14

complete fail fusion mullerian duct

double uterus, vagina, and cervix

Question 15

genital tubercle

Answer 15

male - glans penis and corpus cavernosum/spongiosum

femal - glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs

Question 16

urogenital sinus

Answer 16

male - bulbourethral gland and prostate

female - greater vestibular gland - bartholin
urethral and paraurethral gland - skene

Question 17

urogenital folds

Answer 17

male - ventral shaft of penis - penile urethra

femal - labia minora

Question 18

labioscrotal swelling

Answer 18

male - scrotum

female - labia majora

Question 19

hypospadias

Answer 19

association inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism

Question 20

epispadias

Answer 20

association exstrophy of bladder

Question 21

gubernaculum

Answer 21

anchor testes in scrotum

female - ovarian ligament and round ligament uterus

Question 22

processus vaginalis

Answer 22

evagination peritoneum

form tunica vaginalis

Question 23

venous drainage

Answer 23

left - to renal vein before IVC

right - direct to IVC

Question 24

varicocele

Answer 24

MC on left

vein enter at 90 degree angle to renal vein
-flow less laminar

Question 25

infundibulopelvic ligament

Answer 25

susp lig of ovary

has ovarian vessels

ligate during oophorectomy

ureter - retroperitoneal close to gonadal vessel - risk of injury during ligation

Question 26

cardinal ligament

Answer 26

cervix to side of pelvis

has uterine vessels

ureter at risk ligation during hysterectomy

Question 27

round ligament of uterus

Answer 27

derivative gubernaculum

through round inguinal canal

Question 28

broad ligament

Answer 28

connect uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries to pelvic side wall

has ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligament of uterus

has segments
mesometriumm
mesosalpinx
mesovarium

Question 29

ovarian ligament

Answer 29

medial pole ovary to lateral uterus

Question 30

female histo

Answer 30

vagina and ectocervix
-stratified squamous - nonkeratinized

transformation zone - squamocolumnar jxn

endocrix - simple columnar epi

uterus - simple columnar epi

• long tubular gland - follicle phase
• coiled gland - luteal phase

fallopian tube - simple columnar epi - ciliated

ovary, outer surface - simple cuboidal epi

Question 31

posterior urethra male

Answer 31

pelvic fx injury

urine leak retropubic space

Question 32

anterior urethra male

Answer 32

damage perineal straddle injury

urine leak beneath fascia of buck

Question 33

erection

Answer 33

PS
NO - cGMP - vasodilation - erection

NE - Ca in - smooth m contraction - vasoconstriction - anti-erection

Question 34

ejaculation

Answer 34

S

pudendal n

Question 35

cells of seminiferous tubules

Answer 35

spermatogonia - germ cells - spermatocyte
sertolic cells
leydig cells

Question 36

sertoli cells

Answer 36

stimulated by FSH

secrete inhibin
-suppress FSH

secrete androgen binding protein - maintain local T level

tight jxn - blood testis barrier

support spermatozoa

produce MIF

temp sensitive

homolog - female granulosa cells

Question 37

leydig cell

Answer 37

secrete testosterone
-stimulated by LH

unaffected by temp

homolog - female theca interna

Question 38

T feedback

Answer 38

inhibit LH and GnRH release

Question 39

inhibin feedback

Answer 39

inhibit FSH release

Question 40

conversion of T and androstenedione to estrogen

Answer 40

via aromatase

in sertoli cells