Repro tumors and path Flashcards
Follicular cyst
Distention of unruptured graafian follicle. May be associated with hyperestrogenism, endometrial hyperplasia. Most common ovarian mass in young women.
Theca-lutein cyst
Often bilateral/multiple. Due to gonadotropin stimulation. Associated with choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform moles.
Corpus Luteum cyst
hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum. commonly regress spontaneously
Hemorrhagic cyst
Blood vessel rupture in cyst wall. Cyst grows with inc blood retention usually self resolves.
Dermoid cyst
Mature teratoma. Cystic growths filled with various types of tissue such as fat, hair, teeth, bits of bone, and cartilage.
Endometrioid cyst
Endometriosis within ovary with cyst formation. Varies with menstrual cycle. When filled with dark, reddish-brown blood it is called a “chocolate cyst.”
Serous cystadenoma
Most common ovarian neoplasm. Lined with fallopian tube–like epithelium. Often bilateral.
Mucinous cystadenoma
Multiloculated, large. Lined by mucus-secreting epithelium
Endometrioma
Endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue) within ovary with cyst formation. Presents with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia; symptoms may vary with menstrual cycle. “Chocolate cyst”— endometrioma filled with dark, reddish-brown blood. Complex mass on ultrasound.
Mature cystic teratoma
dermoid cyst
Germ cell tumor, most common ovarian tumor in women 20–30 years old. Cystic mass containing elements from all 3 germ layers (e.g., teeth, hair, sebum) B . Can present with pain 2° to ovarian enlargement or torsion. Can also contain functional thyroid tissue and present as hyperthyroidism (struma ovarii)
Brenner tumor
Looks like bladder. Solid tumor that is pale yellow-tan and appears encapsulated. “Coffee bean” nuclei on H&E stain.
Fibromas
Bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. Meigs syndrome—triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax. “Pulling” sensation in groin.
Thecoma
Like granulosa cell tumors, may produce estrogen. Usually presents as abnormal uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman.
struma ovarii
functional thyroid tissue and present as hyperthyroidism seen in monodermal teratomas or mature cystic teratoma.
Meigs syndrome seen in
Fibromas
—triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax.
Immature teratoma
Aggressive, contains fetal tissue, neuroectoderm. Immature teratoma is most typically represented by immature/embryonic-like neural tissue. Mature teratoma are more likely to contain thyroid tissue.
Granulosa cell tumor
Most common malignant stromal tumor. Predominantly women in their 50s. Often produces estrogen and/or progesterone and presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, sexual precocity (in pre-adolescents), breast tenderness. Histology shows Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cells arranged haphazardly around collections of eosinophilic fluid, resembling primordial follicles).
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Most common ovarian neoplasm, frequently bilateral. Psammoma bodies.
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Pseudomyxoma peritonei–intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor.
Dysgerminoma
Most common in adolescents. Equivalent to male seminoma but rarer. 1% of all ovarian tumors; 30% of germ cell tumors. Sheets of uniform “fried egg” cells D . hCG, LDH = tumor markers.
Choriocarcinoma
Rare; can develop during or after pregnancy in mother or baby. Malignancy of trophoblastic tissue E(cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts); no chorionic villi present. increase frequency of bilateral/
multiple theca-lutein cysts. Presents with abnormal increase in
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
Aggressive, in ovaries or testes (boys) and sacrococcygeal area in young children. Most common tumor in male infants. Yellow, friable (hemorrhagic), solid mass. 50% have Schiller-Duval bodies (resemble glomeruli) F . AFP = tumor marker.
Krukenberg tumor
GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries, mucin-secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma.
inc frequency of frequency of bilateral/
multiple theca-lutein cysts.
Choriocarcinoma
