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Physiology MCQ > Repro Physio MCQ > Flashcards

Repro Physio MCQ Flashcards

1
Q 
Which system is ovulation under the control of? 
A. CNS
B. Reproductive
C. Endocrine
D. Digestive
E. Urogenital
A

c. Endocrine

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2
Q
  1. Meiosis
    a. Does not involve replication of DNA
    b. Starts at the onset of puberty in the female ovaries
    c. Occurs only in the gonads
    d. Is responsible for multiplication of granulosa cells in the follicular phase of the ovarian phase
    e. Is only completed in spermatozoa following fertilization of an ovum
A

c. Occurs only in the gonads

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3
Q

Puberty

a. Is associated with increased plasma glucocorticoid levels
b. Leads to appearance of primary sex characteristics
c. Is not associated with increased rate of sex steroid secretion
d. Generally begins earlier in males than in females
e. May be delayed in girls of very low body weight

A

e. May be delayed in girls of very low body weight

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4
Q

Ovarian cycle

a. Consists of proliferation and secretory phases
b. Is controlled by FSH and LH from posterior pituitary
c. Involves development of only 1 primordial follicle in each cycle
d. Leads to release of secondary oocyte
e. Produces estrogens that exhibit negative feedback on hypothalamus throughout each cycle

A

d. Leads to release of secondary oocyte

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5
Q

Ovaries secrete all of the following except

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Androgen
d. Relaxin
e. Inhibin

A

d. Relaxin

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6
Q

Menopause is

a. Followed by rise in FSH concentration
b. Caused by decline in hypothalamic function
c. Due to the fact that uterus has become less responsive to estrogens in a female after midlife
d. Seen in both males and females
e. Followed by rise in progesterone concentration

A

Menopause is

a. Followed by rise in FSH concentration

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7
Q

During sexual differentiation

a. Female gonads secrete Mullerian stimulating hormone
b. Testosterone inhibits differentiation of Mullerian ducts in males
c. Testosterone directly stimulates differentiation of male external genitalia in males
d. Gonadal females can develop male external genitalia
e. TDF stimulates development of female gonads

A

d. Gonadal females can develop male external genitalia

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8
Q

In a normal, healthy 25-year old woman, menustration

a. Occurs 1-2 days after ovulation
b. Always occurs every 4 weeks except during or immediately after pregnancy
c. Occurs several hours after the formation of corpus luteum in the ovary
d. Is a period of secretion by endometrium of uterus
e. Occurs 1-2 days after formation of corpus albicans in the ovary

A

e. Occurs 1-2 days after formation of corpus albicans in the ovary

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9
Q

In a normal, healthy 25-year old woman

a. Plasma LH is lowest concentration during 2 days prior to ovulation
b. Plasma FSH is lowest concentration during 2 days prior to ovulation
c. Plasma estrogen concentration is at its lowest during 2 days prior to ovulation
d. Ovulation is followed by a decline in plasma estrogen
e. Ovulation is followed by decline in plasma progesterone

A

d. Ovulation is followed by a decline in plasma estrogen

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10
Q

All of the following are correct except, progesterone

a. Concentration in luteal phase is greater than in the follicular phase of menstrual cycle
b. Inhibits hypothalamus GnRH secretion
c. Stimulates respiration
d. Increases excitability of uterine tissue to contractile stimuli
e. Is found in adrenal glands

A

d. Increases excitability of uterine tissue to contractile stimuli

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11
Q

Which of the following is not produced and not secreted by placenta?

a. Oxytocin
b. hCG
c. somatomammotrophin
d. estrogen
e. progesterone

A

a. Oxytocin

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12
Q

Wrt male reproductive function, which is incorrect?

a. Hypothalamus regulates spermatogenesis
b. Hypothalamus controls testerone secretion
c. Testosterone has paracrine effects
d. Oestrogens can be found in male
e. Inhibin is secreted by Leydig cells

A

e. Inhibin is secreted by Leydig cells

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13
Q

What is the cause of involution of corpus luteum?

a. Low levels of LH
b. Low estrogen and progesterone in blood
c. High levels of FSH secreted from anterior pituitary
d. High levels of hCG in blood
e. Onset of menstruation

A

a. Low levels of LH

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14
Q

Which would be effective in initiating labour?

a. Administer progesterone to mother
b. Administer oestrogen to mother
c. Administer LH to mother
d. Antagonist of prostaglandin F2a to mother
e. Mechanically dilating and stimulating the cervix

A

e. Mechanically dilating and stimulating the cervix

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15
Q 
In order to restore fertility in a hypophysectomized adult male, it is necessary to administer:
A. gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
B. gonadotrophins
C. prolactin
D. inhibin
E. steroid hormones
A

B. gonadotrophins

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16
Q 
In a normal adult male, the administration of a specific luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor inhibitor will lead to which one of the following sets of changes in plasma hormone concentration? With regard to  Plasma LH, Plasma FSH,  Plasma testosterone respectively?
A Increase, No change, Decrease
B No change Increase No change
C Decrease No change Decrease
D Increase Decrease Increase
E Increase Increase Decrease
A

E Increase Increase Decrease

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17
Q

After a blastocyst implantation has occurred, the first missed menstrual period in a healthy female is the result of:
A. degeneration of the corpus luteum
B. formation of a trophoblast that secretes gonadotrophins
C. formation of a trophoblast that secretes osteogen and progesterone
D. decreased ovarian synthesis of osteogen and progesterone
E. increased placenta secretion of osteogen and progesterone

A

B. formation of a trophoblast that secretes gonadotrophins

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18
Q

Which one of the following statements is FALSE? Testosterone:
A. is produced by foetal testes
B. inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
C. is a prooestrogen
D. is inactivated when converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
E. is produced in the female

A

D. is inactivated when converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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19
Q

A 32-year old woman is diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea and is suspected of intrauterine adhesions. Which of the following supports this diagnosis?
A. Presence of hot flushes
B. Low follicle-stimulating hormone levels
C. Normal oestrogen levels
D. Monophasic basal body temperature chart
E. Enlargement of her uterus

A

C. Normal oestrogen levels

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20
Q

A 32 year old lady is diagnosed with Asherman’s syndrome. She has been having abnormal menstrual periods for 18 months. Which of the following can be used to confirm her condition?
A.decreased levels of FSH
B. decreased levels of progesterone
C. normal levels of estrogen in the blood
D. Enlarged uterus

A

C. normal levels of estrogen in the blood

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21
Q

Which one of the following is FALSE? During the ovarian cycle:
A. the initiation of the follicular development is under the control of LH
B. oestrogens are converted in granulosa cells from androgens
C. ovulation occurs in response to a sudden increase in plasma LH
D. the luteal phase is associated with a large increase in plasma progesterone
E. the corpus luteum is maintained by LH for about two weeks after ovulation

A

A. the initiation of the follicular development is under the control of LH

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22
Q 
Prolactin is regulated in a non-pregnant woman by:
A. oestrogen
B. progesterone
C. dopamine
D. LH
E. FSH
A

C. dopamine

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23
Q

Sertoli cells produce:

a. mucus
b. androgen-binding protein (ABP)
c. testosterone
d. FSH and LH

A

b. androgen-binding protein (ABP)

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24
Q

In the first phase of the menstrual cycle:

a. oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes
b. about 20 ovarian follicles begin to enlarge
c. the Graafian follicle ruptures
d. the dominant follicle gobbles up all other oocytes

A

b. about 20 ovarian follicles begin to enlarge

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25
Q

During ovulation all of the following occur EXCEPT:

a. rupture of the Graafian follicle
b. estrogen production is very low
c. FSH and LH production is high
d. formation of the corpus luteum

A

b. estrogen production is very low

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26
Q

Optimal fertilization normally occurs in the:

a. vagina
b. uterus
c. uterine horn
d. ovary

A

c. uterine horn

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27
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG):

a. begins to be produced about 4 weeks post-fertilization
b. is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation
c. “rescues” and maintains the corpus luteum
d. signals that a new menstrual cycle should begin

A

c. “rescues” and maintains the corpus luteum

28
Q

The placenta is fully developed by the _____ month if gestation:

a. 1st
b. 3rd
c. 5th
d. 7th

A

b. 3rd

29
Q

High levels of _______ found in the mother’s blood can be an indicator of neurologic or hepatic abnormalities in the developing fetus:

a. hCG
b. GnRH
c. AFP
d. relaxin

A

c. AFP

30
Q

Regarding the functions of placenta, which is true?
A. Placenta nourishes foetus by establishing dialysis pattern for exchange between maternal and fetal circulation
B. Placenta transports oxygen from foetus to mother
C. Placental barrier is thin and freely permeable to glucose and amino acids
D. Blood gases cross placental barrier by carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
E. Placenta unable to excrete nitrogenous waste such as ammonia and creatinine from fetal to maternal blood

A

B. Placenta transports oxygen from foetus to mother

31
Q

Which of these initiates lactation?
A. A sudden fall in both estrogen and progesterone levels
B A sudden rise in both estrogen and progesterone levels
C. An increase in FSH only
D. An increase in FSH and LH
E. Stabilisation in blood levels of FSH
F. Secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum
G. Stabilisation in blood levels of estrogen and progesterone

A

A. A sudden fall in both estrogen and progesterone levels

32
Q

Spermiogenesis involves:
A. the formation of spermatozoa from spermatogonia
B. the movement of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract
C. the formation of primordial or primitive reproductive cells in the yolk sac membrane
D. the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa
E. the movement of spermatozoa from the epididymis into the ejaculatory duct.

A

D. the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

33
Q 
Inflammation of the seminiferous tubules could interfere with the ability to:
A. make semen alkaline
B. secrete testosterone
C. produce spermatozoa
D. eliminate urine from the bladder
E. all of the preceding.
A

C. produce spermatozoa

34
Q 
The mitochondria in mature sperm cells are located in the:
A. head of the sperm
B. body (middle piece) of the sperm
C. acrosome of the sperm
D. tail (flagellum) of the sperm
E. mature sperm do not have mitochondria
A

B. body (middle piece) of the sperm

35
Q 
The movement of spermatozoa, from the epididymal duct, and seminal fluid into the ejaculatory duct and the urethra is called and is under control.
A. ejaculation / parasympathetic
B. emigration / parasympathetic
C. erection / parasympathetic
D. emission / sympathetic
A

D. emission / sympathetic

36
Q

Prostaglandins within the seminal fluid are thought to:
A. cause ovulation
B. decrease sperm motility
C. stimulate muscular contractions within the uterus
D. stimulate the vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands to produce mucus

A

C. stimulate muscular contractions within the uterus

37
Q 
The secretory phase of the endometrium corresponds to which of the following ovarian phases?
A. follicular phase 
B. ovulation 
C. luteal phase 
D. menstrual phase.
A

C. luteal phase

38
Q 
Which of the following is shed as menses?
A. the perimetrial layer
B. the fibrous layer
C. the functional layer
D. the basal layer
E. the myometrial layer.
A

C. the functional layer

39
Q 
The dominant hormone controlling the proliferative phase of the uterine endometrium is:
A. estrogen 
B. FSH 
C. LH 
D. progesterone 
E. hCG
A

A. estrogen

40
Q 
Which of the following is not compatible with penile erection?
A.parasympathetic stimulation
B.arterial dilation
C.venous compression
D.blood leaves erectile tissue
A

D. blood leaves erectile tissue

41
Q 
Which hormone initiates the changes in puberty?
A.FSH
B.ICSH
C.testosterone
D.GnRH
A

D. GnRH

42
Q 
The target of FSH is the \_\_\_\_\_.
A.prostate
B.seminiferous tubule
C.pituitary
D.penis
A

B. seminiferous tubule

43
Q 
The result of oogenesis is \_\_\_\_\_.
A.one secondary oocyte
B.two secondary oocytes
C.one ovum
D.four ootids
A

C. one ovum

44
Q 
The initiation of puberty and menses in a female involves increased levels of \_\_\_\_\_.
A.FSH
B.LH
C.estrogen
D.progesterone
A

A. FSH

45
Q 
The shedding and bleeding of the decidua during menses is directly caused by low levels of \_\_\_\_\_.
A.FSH
B.LH
C.sex steroids
D.GnRH
A

C. sex steroids

46
Q 
During spermatogenesis, which stage is the first to be haploid in number of chromosomes?
A.spermatogonium
B.primary spermatocyte
C.secondary spermatocyte
D.spermatid
A

C.secondary spermatocyte

47
Q 
Males have a number of internal accessory organs. Which one(s) is/are responsible for secreting fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins?
A.epididymis
B.seminal vesicles
C.vas deferens
D.prostate gland
A

B.seminal vesicles

48
Q

Which statement about lactation is FALSE?
A) Triggered by sudden drop in Estrogen and Progesterone levels
B) Oxytocin is the most important hormone in milk production
C) Prolactin is the most important hormone in milk production
D) Lactation reflex is important in maintaining lactation
E) Lactation reflex may supress gonadal function

A

B) Oxytocin is the most important hormone in milk production

49
Q 
During the Menstrual cycle, the most important trigger of ovulation is
A) FSH
B) LH
C) Progesterone
D) GnRH
E) Estrogen
A

B) LH

50
Q 
Implantation occurs at which stage of embryonic development?
A) Blastocyst
B) Early morula
C) Advanced morula
D) Zygote
E) Blastomere
A

A) Blastocyst

51
Q

In Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The patient is genetically a male (XY)
B) The secondary sex characteristic is female
C) The patient is infertile
D) The patient has testes
E) The patient has lower levels of testosterone than normal male

A

E) The patient has lower levels of testosterone than normal male

52
Q 
Which of the following is not a cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A. Pregnancy
B. Age over 60
C. Stress
D. Competitive athlete
E. Hypothyrodism
A

B. Age over 60

53
Q 
Early pregnancy is confirmed by levels of / Pregnancy test kit detects
A. FSH
B. LH
C. Progesterone
D. hCG
E. GH
A

D. hCG

54
Q 
Cryptorchidism means:
A.	Undescended testes
B.	Descended testes
C.	Hypogonadism
D.	Hyperfunction of testes
E.	Small testes
A

A. Undescended testes

55
Q 
Progesterone in pregnancy causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of all EXCEPT:
A.	Uterus
B.	Ureters
C.	GI tract
D.	Blood vessels
E.	Heart
A

E. Heart

56
Q 
The bulk of semen is from:
A.	Seminal vesicles 
B.	Prostate
C.	Bulbourethreal gland
D.	Vas deferens
E.	Seminiferous tubules
A

A. Seminal vesicles

57
Q 
In the event that the ovum does not become fertilized, the corpus luteum forms:
A.	Corpus callosum
B.	Corpus gastrium
C.	Corpus albicans
D.	Corpus quadrigemina 
E.	Corpus cavernosum
A

C. Corpus albicans

58
Q

Which of the following statements about testosterone is false?

a. It is synthesized from cholesterol
b. It serves as a precursor for estrogen synthesis
c. 5-alpha dihydroxytestosterone is more potent than testosterone
d. Testosterone binds to GPCR receptor
e. Testosterone exhibits negative feedback on pituitary gland

A

d. Testosterone binds to GPCR receptor

59
Q

Which one of the following is false for progesterone

a. It is produced by the corpus luteum
b. It is produced by placenta
c. Its effect on metabolism is opposite to that of estrogen
d. It promotes lactation during pregnancy
e. It has negative feedback on the pituitary gland

A

d. It promotes lactation during pregnancy

60
Q

Milk ejection is promoted by

a. Lactin
b. Oxytocin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
e. Prolactin

A

b. Oxytocin

61
Q 
During pregnancy, the placenta serves as an important organ for production of the following hormones except
a. Progesterone
b. Estradiol
C. hCG
d. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
e. Testosterone
A

e. Testosterone

62
Q

Regarding development of internal genitalia, which of the following statements is false?
a. Mullerian inhibiting substance is produced by the Leydig cells
B. MIS causes regression of the Mullerian ducts
c. Mullerian duct develops in the absence of TDF
d. Testosterone stimulates development of Wolffian ducts
e. SOX9 gene develops male reproductive system

A

a. Mullerian inhibiting substance is produced by the Leydig cells

63
Q

Which of the following regarding the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis is false?

a. LH acts on theca cells
b. FSH acts on theca and granulosa cells
c. GnRH is produced in the hypothalamus
d. Ovary produces both estrogen and progesterone
e. Hormones in the ovary exert a negative feedback on the hypothalamus

A

b. FSH acts on theca and granulosa cells

64
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contractions during parturition?

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Oxytocin
d) Prolactin
e) Relaxin

A

c) Oxytocin

65
Q

The deficiency in 5 alpha reductase enzyme will present the following characteristics, EXCEPT:

a) Normal or higher levels of dihydrotestosterone
b) Lack of androgen receptor
c) Genetic sex of XY
d) Ambiguous female external genitalia
e) Normal estrogen level

A

a) Normal or higher levels of dihydrotestosterone

b) Lack of androgen receptor

66
Q 
The hormone \_\_\_\_\_ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
A.prolactin
B.oxytocin
C.PRF
D.PIF
A

A.prolactin

67
Q 
78.	In the process of parturition, the production of prostaglandins is a key factor in stimulating uterine contractions. Which is the enzyme involved in prostaglandin production that is targeted by both estrogen and progesterone?
A) Cyclooxygenases
B) Lipooxygenases
C) Phospholipase A2
D) Phospholipase C
E) Prostaglandin E Synthase
A

C) Phospholipase A2

Physiology MCQ (8 decks)

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