Repro. Male ANATOMY Flashcards
What are the male reproductive organs and accessory organs?
Reproductive organs - Testes
Accessory - vas deferens, seminal glnds, prostate, penis
Name the labelled points of the male reproductive system
A - Testes (right)
B - Epididymis (right)
C - Vas deferens (right)
D - Scrotum
E - Vas deferens
Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive system
A - Vas deferens
B - Seminal Gland
C - Ejaculatory Duct
D - Prostate Gland
E - Prostatic urethra
Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive tract
A - Vas deferens
B - Ejaculatory duct
C - Prostatic urethra
D - Spongy urethra
E - External urethral meatus
Identify the labelled parts of the male reproductive system
A - Seminal Gland
B - Prostate Gland
C - Bulbourethral Gland
D - Epididymis
E - External urethral meatus
How long is the male urethra approximately?
20cm long
Describe the pathway of the male lower urinary tract (starting from bladder)
- Bladder
- Internal Urethral orifice
- Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
- (into prostatic urethra)
- External urethral sphincter (voluntary)
- (into spongy urethra - within corpus spongiosum)
- External urethral orifice (meatus)
Identify the landmarks of the bladder
A - Peritoneum
B - Ureteric orifices (in the base)
C - Internal urethral orifice (inferior aspect of ‘floor’)
D - Urethra
E - Prostate Gland
True or False:
During ejaculation the detrusor muscles (forming internal urethral sphincter) contracts
TRUE
Prevents retrograde ejaculation
Which muscles forms the bladder wall?
Detrusor muscle
Fibres encircle ureteric orifices & tighten when bladder contracts (prevents reflux of urine)
Around neck of male bladder destrusor forms internal urethral sphincter muscle
How does the position of the testes change during development?
Originate on posterior wall of abdominal cavity
Descend through anterior abdominal wall (through inguinal canal)
By birth, should have descended into the scrotum
‘Vas’ that carries sperm follows testis into scrotum and connected testis to urethra
What travels through the spermatic cord?
- Testicular artery
- Testicular vein
- Vas deferens
- Lymphatic vessels
- Nerves
- Autonomic - Vas deferens
- Somatic - cremaster muscle
What is the Cremaster muscle and what is its function?
In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord
Muscle moves testis, promoting healthy and motile sperm
Lowers and raises testis to control temperature
Identify the points labelled below
A - Transversus abdominis
B - Internal oblique
C - External Oblique
D - Rectus Abdominis
E - Inguinal ligament
Identify the points labelled below
A - Ilioinguinal nerve
B - Superficial Ring
C - Deep Ring
D - Conjoint tendon (combined aponeurosis of internal oblique + transversus abdominis, anchors muscles inferiorly to pubic bone)
Identify the points labelled below
A - Internal Spermatic Fascia
B - Cremasteric fascia
C - External spermatic fascia
D - Inguinal ligament
E - Superficial ring
What is the Tunica Vaginalis?
Inside the scrotum the testis sits within a sac called Tunica Vaginalis (testis pushes into sac)
Excess fluid within tunica vaginalis = Hydrocele
Where is sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
Which parts of the testis are labelled below?
A - Vas deferens
B - Head of epididymis
C - Tail of Epididymis
D - Rete testis
Which parts of the testis are labelled below?
A - Rete testis
B - Dartos muscle (smooth muscle - helps control temp.)
C - Seminiferous tubules
What is the function of the Dartos muscle?
Smooth muscle in superficial fascia of scrotum
Contracts to:
- Wrinkle/thicken scrotal skin
- Reduce surface area of scrotum
Maintains correct scrotal temperature in cold conditions (temp 1C below core body temp.)
What is the normal size of the testis?
5cm length
12-25ml volume
Can the vas deferens be palpated?
Can be palpated within spermatic cord
In scrotum, superior to testis
Which structures of the spermatic cord are labelled A, B, C and what embryonic remnant can sit within space D?
A - Vas deferens
B - Testicular artery
C - Pampiniform venous plexus
D - Potential space of Tunica Vaginalis
What is the blood supply and drainage of the testis?
Arteries from lateral aspect of abdominal aorta (testicular arteries)
Veins:
- Left testicular vein > left renal vein > IVC
- Right testicular vein > IVC
What is the function of Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Gland?
Mucous secretion
Lubricates urethra and neutralises acidity
What is the approximate size of a normal prostate?
Walnut shaped
Surrounds prostatic urethra (inferior aspect in contact with levator ani)
Which zone do most prostate cancers arise?
Peripheral Zone (felt on PR exam)
What is the route of sperm from testis to ejaculation?
- Sperm develops in testes (within scrotum)
- Pass from testes via vas defernens (lies within spermatic cord)
- Spermatic cord passes through anterior abdominal wall within inguinal canal (reaches pelvic cavity)
- Vas deferens connects with the duct from seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form Ejaculatory duct
- R + L ejaculatory ducts join together within prostate gland (inferior to bladder) and drain into urethra
- Urethra opens at external urethral meatus of penis
What structures of the perineum are labelled?
A - Glans
B - Penile raphe
C - Scrotal Raphe
D - Scrotum
E - Anus
Describe the anatomy of the erectile tissue within the penis and what do they contain?
3 cylinders of erectile tissue (engorged with blood at arterial pressure during erection)
Corpus cavernosum (R + L) - posterior, transmits deep arteries of penis
Corpus Spongiosum - anterior, transmits spongy uretha (less engorged in erection to prevent urethra closure)
- Expands distally to form Glans penis
How are the sections of the penis divided (proximal to distal)?
Root of penis
Body of penis
Glans
External urethral orifice
What are the contents of the root of penis and their respective muscles?
Bulb (corpus spongiosum) > Bulbospongiosus
Crura (corpus caverosum) > Ischiocavernosus
(Also superficial transverse perineal muscle, proximal spongy urethra, branches of internal pudendal vessels + pudendal nerve)
What is the blood supply to the penis and scrotum?
Via deep arteries of the penis (branches from Internal Pudendal Artery >fromInternal iliac)
Blood supply to scrotum via Internal Pudendal and branches from External Iliac artery
What is the lymph drainage of the penis scrotum and testes?
Lymph from scrotum & most of penis (NOT glans) - drains to Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes (superficial fascia of groin)
Lymph from testes drains to Lumbar Nodes (around abdominal aorta)
