Repro - MAle Flashcards
Why are the testis outside?
So they’ll remain cool, they’re supposed to be roughly 2*C colder than the body temperature
How is the inguinal canal created?
By migration of the testis out the body
What layers make up the inguinal canal?
Ext Oblique Int Oblique Transversus Abdominus Fascia Transversalis Peritoneum
Go over the inguinal canal from GI
What is contained within in the spermatic cord?
Vas Deferens
Blood Vessels e.g. Testicular Art
Nerves e.g. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Describe the layers of the testis
Tough outer fibrous later called Tunica Albuginea
Peritoneal Sac called Tunica Vaginalis (both visceral and parietal) containing serous fluid
What are hydrocele and haematocele
Fluid of blood (respectively) collecting in the scrotal sac
What arteries supply the testis and where do they originate?
Testicular Arteries, they originate at L2 from the abdominal aorta
Where do the testicular arteries travel?
Retroperitoneally
They cross the ureter and Ext Iliac Art near the pelvic brim
Then they travel through the inguinal canal
What do we call the anastomosing veins around the testis?
The pampiniform plexus
Whats the function of the pampiniform plexus?
It cools the blood arriving in the testicular arteries
Where do the testicular veins drain?
Right drains into IVC
Left drains into the Left Renal Vein
Define a varicocele?
Enlargement of veins in the scrotum
Where does the testis lymph drain to/
Paraaortic & Inguinal
What is the vas deferens and where does it go?
A muscular tube arising from the tail of the epididymis
Traverses inguinal canal
Enters pelvis by crossing external iliac vessels
Joins duct of seminal gland to form Ejaculatory Duct
Where are the seminal vesicles found>
Posterior to the bladder, above the prostate
What is produced by the seminal vesicles?
Semen
What is produced by the prostate?
Thin fluid full of:
- Proteolytic enzymes
- Citric Acid
- Lipids
- Acid Phosphatase
Where does blood drain from the prostatic venous plexus and why is that important?
Internal iliac vein, source of bony mets from prostatic cancer
Where are the bulbourethral glands found?
In the urogenital diaphragm just under the prostate, they empty into the penile or spongy urethra
What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?
Mucous for lubrication
Where does lymph from the prostate drain?
Internal iliac and sacral nodes
Where does lymph form the seminal vesicles drain?
Ext & Int Iliac Nodes
Where does lymph from the penis drain?
Deep Inguinal Nodes
Where does lymph from the scrotum drain?
Superficial Inguinal Nodes
A good way to remember the lymphatic drainage of the male genital tract is the more the internal the structure the deeper the nodes:
Prostate - Int Ilaic & Sacral
Seminal Vesicle - Ext/Int Iliac Nodes
Penis - Deep Inguinal
Scrotum - Supericial Inguinal
Histology Warning! - What is this?
A stellate lumen with 3 muscular layers (Longitudinal -> Circular -> Longitudinal)
Epithelial lining of the lumen
Longitudinal folds of lamina propria outside the main structure
Ductus Deferens
Focus on seeing the stellate lumena nd 3 muscular layers
If your unsure look for the longitudinal lamina propria
Histology - whats this?
Very thick muscularis externa surrounding a very irregular “honey Combed” looking lumen
Seminal Vesicle
The honey-combed appearance resembles a network of canals
How do you tell the epididymis on histology?
Large circles with a thick coloured centre, then white space then the outer epithelium
Look for 1 single smooth muscle later between the “circles”
How do you spot testis on histology?
Large circles with a lot of nuclei around the outside and a completely clear lumen (as opposed to the dense dark space in the center of the epididymis)
What does the prostate look like on histology?
Serous alveoli with infoldings of epithelium surrounded by trabeculae of muscular stroma
Look for amorphous eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacea in the alveoli (only in older men)
