MSK - Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Can you name 16 sites on the humerus? Roughly from proximal -> Distal?

A

Head - articulates with scapula
Anatomical neck - posterior to head
Greater tubercle - prominence lateral at proximal end
Lesser Tubercle - Prominence medial at proximal end
Intertubecular sulcus - sulcus between tubercles
Surgical Neck - Narrowing between tubercles & shaft
Shaft
Deltoid tuberosity - prominence on ant middle shaft
Radial Groove - Groove on post shaft for radial nerve
Lateral & Medial epicondyles - prominences on medial/lateral distal humerus
Capitulum - rounded prominence on anterolateral distal humerus
Trochlea - prominence on anteromedial distal humerus (articulates with ulna)
Radial fossa - Fossa above capitulum
Coronoid fossa - fossa above trochlea
Olecranon fossa - Fossa above trochlea posteriorly that holds ulnar olecranon process

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2
Q

Heres some points to make it easier to spot the different arm nerves

A

Ulnar - passes over the medial epicondyle
Median - Tightly follows the brachial artery
Musculocutaneous - Tight to the underside of the biceps

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

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4
Q

Describe the attachments of the biceps brachii?

A

Arises from 2 heads:

  • Short head arises from coracoid process of scapula
  • Long head arises from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Inserts on radial tuberosity distally

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5
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexes shoulder & elbow

Supinates proximal radio-ulnar joint

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6
Q

Nerve supply of the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve which arises from the lateral cord or C5-7.

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7
Q

Describe the attachments of the coracobrachialis?

A

Arises from the tip of the coracoid process (along with the short head of the biceps)
Inserts onto medial humerus at the middle of the shaft.

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8
Q

Actions of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion & Adduction of shoulder

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9
Q

Nerve supply of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve - Lateral cord (C5-7)

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10
Q

Attachments of the brachialis?

A

Arises from anterior distal humeral shaft.

Inserts onto coronoid process of ulna

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11
Q

Action of the brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

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12
Q

Innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

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13
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous arise and travel?

A

Arises from lateral cord of brachial plexus (C5-7)
It perforates the coraco-brachialis to enter the ant compartment of the arm.
Then descends between biceps & brachialis.

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14
Q

What happens to the musculocutaneous nerve after it supply’s the anterior compartment of the arm with innervation?

A

It continuous as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

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15
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Ant Muscle compartment of the forearm:

  • Brachialis
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Coracobrachialis

Also cutaneous sensation to the lateral forearm

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16
Q

What happens if the musculocutaneous nerve is damaged?

A

Paralysis of shoulder/elbow flexors and loss of sensation to the lateral forearm

17
Q

When do the axillary artery and then brachial artery start?

A

Subclavian -> Axillary at the lateral border of the 1st rib

Axillary -> Brachial at the inf margin of the Teres Major

18
Q

When does the brachial artery end?

A

It divides into the radial & ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa

19
Q

If there is major haemorrhage of the arm how would you compress the artery to prevent blood loss?

A

Compress the brachial artery at the middle of the arm

20
Q

From where does the median nerve arise?

A

From the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus. With roots in C5/6 + C8/T1