Repro introduction Flashcards
What is the purpose of depot progestogens like Proligestone (Delvosteron) in oestrus control?
Temporary prevention of oestrus; long-term prevention requires repeat injections (3, 4, then every 5 months).
What is the role of GnRH Superagonists like Deslorelin (Suprelorin) in oestrus control?
Induces temporary infertility in dogs and cats, with implants repeated every 6–12 months.
Why might a GnRH superagonist cause an initial increase in oestrus?
The injection causes a surge in GnRH, leading to follicle stimulation and ovulation before downregulation.
How do the reproductive cycles of bitches and queens differ?
- Bitches: Monoestrus, spontaneous ovulators, long luteal phase.
- Queens: Seasonal polyoestrus, induced ovulators (due to LH surge that occurs at mating), no luteal phase unless ovulated.
What methods can optimize breeding timing in dogs?
Measuring progesterone levels, vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy, observing behavior, and vulval swelling changes.
When can pregnancy be diagnosed via transabdominal ultrasound in dogs and cats?
And the relaxin test?
and radiographs?
- Transabdominal ultrasound from day 25.
- Relaxin test from day 25.
- Radiographs after day 45 to confirm fetal skeletons.
What are the most common causes of infertility in dogs and cats?
- Dogs: Incorrect breeding timing.
- Cats: Insufficient number of matings on the correct day.
What is the significance of prolactin in bitches?
Maintains the corpus luteum, aids in milk secretion, and influences maternal behavior.
How is vaginal cytology used in reproductive assessment?
Determines the stage of the cycle by assessing the proportion and apperance of epithelial cells, RBCs and white blood cells.
During early proestrus, the vaginal cytologic evaluation findings are characterized by the presence of RBCs, parabasal and small intermediate cells. As proestrus advances, the cornified epithelial cells (superficial and anuclear) start to appear. This could last from 2 to 22 days but average duration is 9 days.
Vaginal cytologic findings in estrus include ≥ 90% cornified vaginal epithelial cells, with or without RBCs and no WBCs
What is the role of Brucella canis in reproductive health?
A venereal pathogen causing abortion, stillbirth, and infertility; it is zoonotic but with low transmission risk to humans.
What is the main venereal pathogen in bitches, and what are its effects?
Canine Herpesvirus (CHV-1) causes vesicular genital lesions, resorption, abortion, and stillbirths. It is transmitted venereally or via the respiratory tract, and a vaccine (Eurican Herpes) is available.
Name three viruses that can cause pregnancy loss in bitches but are not venereal pathogens.
Canine Parvovirus, Canine Adenovirus, and Canine Distemper Virus.
What is the most common infectious cause of infertility in queens, and how is it managed?
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) causes infertility, resorption, and abortion. Screening prior to breeding is essential.
How do bacterial infections affect queens’ reproductive health?
Commensal vaginal bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli) may opportunistically infect the uterus during estrus, potentially causing pregnancy loss.
What are the key viral infections in queens that may cause pregnancy loss, and how can they be prevented?
Feline Herpesvirus (causing late abortion, preventable by vaccination) and Feline Panleukopenia Virus (causing abortion, stillbirth, or cerebellar hypoplasia).
