Infertility workshop Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the common age of puberty in bitches?
Puberty in bitches typically occurs between 6 and 24 months, with smaller breeds reaching puberty earlier than larger breeds.
What is the normal length of the oestrus cycle in bitches?
The normal cycle length is approximately 7 months, with proestrus (P) lasting 10 days, oestrus (O) lasting 10 days, luteal phase (L) lasting 65 days, and anoestrus (A) lasting 150 days.
What are the common signs indicating that a cycle has been missed in a bitch?
Elevated progesterone for 70 days, mammary enlargement, lactation, and pseudopregnancy behaviors. Progesterone measurement is the most reliable method.
What are some causes of failure to cycle in a bitch?
- systemic disease,
- exogenous reproductive steroids,
- chromosomal abnormalities,
- ovarian abnormalities,
- hypothalamic/pituitary disease,
- absence of ovaries.
What is primary anoestrus in bitches, and how is it diagnosed?
Primary anoestrus refers to a bitch that has never cycled. Diagnosis includes gathering history (age, steroid use), clinical exam, and potentially tests like progesterone measurement. If the bitch is less than 24 months, waiting until 24 months is advised.
What is secondary anoestrus in bitches?
Secondary anoestrus refers to a bitch that has passed through puberty but fails to return to oestrus at the expected interval. It can be caused by failure of observation, systemic disease, or drug-induced factors (e.g., corticosteroids).
What is primary anoestrus in queens, and what factors influence puberty?
Primary anoestrus occurs when a queen does not experience puberty. Puberty typically occurs between 6-10 months, influenced by the season, birth timing, and body condition.
What is secondary anoestrus in queens?
Secondary anoestrus in queens often results from inadequate lighting, systemic disease, or drug-induced suppression (e.g., corticosteroids).
What tests should be done to investigate a possible pyometra in a bitch?
Vaginal cytology and uterine ultrasound are commonly used to rule out pyometra and make a diagnosis.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Hetty, an 11-month-old bitch with swollen vulva and sero-sanguineous discharge 6 weeks after oestrus?
The most likely diagnosis is a split oestrus (ovulation failure). Treatment is generally not needed as she is likely to ovulate in the next cycle.
How would you investigate signs of persistent oestrus in a young pubertal animal?
Consider ovulation failure as a primary cause. Diagnostic steps include vaginal cytology and ovarian ultrasound.
What is the treatment approach for persistent oestrus in a young dog due to ovulation failure?
Hormonal treatment, such as hCG administration, may stimulate ovulation. If unsuccessful, progestogens might be used.
What could cause persistent anoestrus in a bitch?
Causes of persistent anoestrus include delayed puberty, prolonged anoestrus, and ovarian neoplasia.
How do ovarian cysts affect a bitch’s oestrus cycle?
Follicular cysts can lead to persistent oestrus, while luteal cysts can cause acyclicity or pyometra.
What is the most likely cause of persistent oestrus in a young dog with a history of long first oestrus?
The most likely cause is failure to ovulate, especially in pubertal animals.
What would you do to investigate Noodle, a 3-month-old dog with enlarging vulva and alopecia?
Investigate for possible exposure to exogenous oestrogens, such as from human hormone replacement therapy creams, which can cause signs of oestrus in younger dogs.
What anatomical site is most commonly associated with abnormalities causing pain at coitus in a bitch?
The vestibulo-vaginal junction is the most common site of abnormalities causing pain during mating.
What is Vaginal Hyperplasia?
what are the clinical signs?
how is it treated?
Vaginal Hyperplasia is an exaggerated response of the vaginal wall to normal estrogen concentrations during estrus, which can cause the ventral vaginal wall to thicken and sometimes prolapse, and occasionally be circumferential.
clinical signs: A mass at the vulva with the bitch in estrus and pain during attempted coitus.
Treatment options include conservative management (resolves at the end of estrus), surgical resection, or ovariohysterectomy for prevention.
What are the common causes of failure to mate in females?
Causes include incorrect timing, inexperience or shyness, inadequate time to display normal estrus behavior, size differences, pain at coitus, and previous bad experiences.
What are the causes of failure to mate in males?
Causes include inexperience or shyness, inadequate libido, musculoskeletal pain, previous bad experiences, penile/preputial abnormalities, and erection failure.
What is the most common cause of infertility in the bitch?
The most common cause of infertility in bitches is mating at the incorrect time.
What is the optimal mating time in the bitch?
The optimal mating time is within the ‘Fertilization’ or ‘Fertile’ periods, typically occurring st 12 days but can be between days 5 and 32 of the estrous cycle.
What causes failure to get pregnant in bitches?
Common causes include inappropriate mating time, male factor infertility, abnormal uterine environment, and infectious causes of pregnancy failure.
What is Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH)?
CEH is a hyperplastic condition of the endometrium that impairs uterine clearance of commensal bacteria and may affect sperm transport and oocyte fertilization. It is often age-related and can lead to a hostile uterine environment.
