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Physiology > Repro > Flashcards

Repro Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH secretion over lifetime

A

Kid FSH>LH

Puberty-pulsation LH>FHS

LOF FSH>LH

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2
Q

Pulsation administration vs long acting gnrh administration

A

Puberty and reproductive function

No work

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3
Q

Where are sertoli and leydig

A

Sertoli in seminiferous tubule

Leydig interstitial between tubules

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4
Q

Describe testis

A

80% seminiferous tubules 20% ct with leydig

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5
Q

17b hydroxysteroid DH

A

Androstenedione to testosterone

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6
Q

End product of steroid synthesis in testis vs adrenal

A

Testosterone

Shea and androstenedione

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7
Q

Where is 5a reductase

A

Peripheral

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8
Q

Estrogen in male

A

From sertoli for spermatogenesis

Most liver from testosterone nad androstenedione

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9
Q

Rate limiting step in testosterone synthesis

A

Conversion of cholesterol to pregneloone

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10
Q

How get t from in leydig to periphery

A

In seminiferous tubule bound to abp

Carrier to periphery by SHBG and albumin

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11
Q

Testerosterone in fetal

A

Penis scrotum

Epididymis, vas def, seminal vesicles

Descent of testis-CRYPTORCHIDISM

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12
Q

No testosterone

A

Clit and vag

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13
Q

No testosterone last 2-3 months of preg with boy

A

Cryptoorchidism

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14
Q

Testosterone receptor

A

Nuclear ar receptor

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15
Q

LH receptor

A

Camp pka pathway

Gs

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16
Q

Fsh receptor

A

Camp pka gs

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17
Q

Does testosterone get converted to estradiol in Sertoli cell

A

Yup by aromatase

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18
Q

Supportive function of Sertoli cells

A

Blood testis barrier
Phagocytosis

Transfer of nutrients from blood to sperm

Receptors

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19
Q

Exocrine Sertoli cells

A

Production of fluid
Abp

Release sperm

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20
Q

Endocrine sertoli

A

Abp, t, and fsh receptors

Make amh

Aromoatzation of t to estradiol

Make inhibiton

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21
Q

Gh spermatogenesis

A

Promotes early division of sperm, without it spermatogenesis I is absent and infertile

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22
Q

When does sperm production start

A

15

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23
Q

How get erection

A

Parasympathetic nerves innervation the vascular sm of he helicon arteries that supply blood to the cavernous spaces release NO which activates Gc to increase cGMP to decrease intracelllular ca and relax vascular sm

Vasodilation and engorged tissue presses the veins against a non compliant outer fascia, reducing Venus drainage
Somatic stimulation increases contraction of muscles at the base of the penis

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24
Q

Emission

A

From epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Sympathetic

Peristaltic contractions SM and closing internal sphincter of bladder

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25
Q

Ejaculation

A

Rhythmis contraction of bulbs spongiosum and ischiocavernous muscles (striated)
Somatic motor nerves

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26
Q

Capacitation of sperm

A

Come in contact with fluids of female tract

  • uterine and Fallopian tubes wash away inhibitory factors
  • loss of cholesterol that build up on the acrosome, which now make the head of the sperm weaker
  • membrane of the perm is much more permeable to ca increases the motility of the sperm
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27
Q

What is in the acrosome

A

Hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzymes

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28
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Depolymerizes hyaluronic acid polymers int he intercellular cement that hold the ovarian granulosa cells together

The proteolytic enzymes digest proteins in the structural elements of tissue cells that adhere to the ovum

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29
Q

No testosterone 2-3 month gestation

A

Carrying degrees of ambiguity of male generalize and get pseudohermaphrodism

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30
Q

3rd trimester t defiency

A

Cryptoorchidism and micirpenis

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31
Q

Puberty no t

A

Poor secondary development and eunuchoid features

—keep prepubescent characteristics

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32
Q

Post puberty no t

A

No libido, ED, no hair, low energy

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33
Q

Kallman

A

Genetic disorder when GnRH neurons fail to migrate into the hypothalamus during embryonic development
-delayed or absent puberty and impaired sense of smell
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

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34
Q

Klinefelter

A

Extra z

At puberty dont get normal testicular growth and spermatogenesis

Androgen low, FSH LH high, primary hypogonadism

Seminiferous blues destroyed

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35
Q

Effect of klinefelter

A

Primary hypogonadism decreased t

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36
Q

Pituitary tumor decrease lh fsh

A

Low t

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37
Q

Kallman

A

Decrease gnrh

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38
Q

BPH

A

Not more dht, butmore dht receptors

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39
Q

Females

A

Ok

40
Q

Inhibits

A

Granulosa cells

Inhibit fhs

41
Q

Activism

A

Granulosa cells stimulate fsh

42
Q

Estrone converted to estradiol

A

17b hsd

43
Q

Estrogen negative feedback vs progesterone

A

Estrogen low and high

Progesterone high

44
Q

Positive feedback estrogen

A

Woo

Also get from progesterone during late follicular phase

45
Q

Er and progestin receptors

A

Increases

46
Q

Progestin and er

A

Decreases

47
Q

Progesterone stimulates 17b hsd and sulfotrasferase

A

Conversion estradiol to weaker compounds

48
Q

Progesterone promotes the differentiation of stromal cells int ____ cells which must be prepared to form ___

A

Predecidual cells

Decidus

49
Q

POCS

A

Most common cause of infertility

Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, polycystic ovary
Abnormal ovarian steroidigenesis and folliculogenesis

50
Q

Blood value pocs

A

Up lh low fsh up t

Young obese hirsute females of reproductive age; oligomenorrhea amenorrhea

High androgens promotes atresia in developing follicles and sit-ups feedback

51
Q

SERMs attaches to

A

Zone pellucida with sperm Zp3 interaction

52
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Ca in sperm triggers fusion of outer acrosome membrane wit the sperm cells plasma membrane and results in the exocytosis of most of the acrosome contents

53
Q

Spermatozoon

A

Penetrate zone pellucida

54
Q

Cell membrane of sperm fuses with what

A

Oocytes

55
Q

What does fusion trigger

A

Oocytes 2nd meritocracy division and cortical reaction

56
Q

How get 2nd metic division and cortical reaction

A

Increase ca in oocyte

Exocytosis of cortical granules
Exocytosis of granules that act on glycoproteins in zone pellucida and cause them to harden

Prevents polyspermy

57
Q

Sperm nucleaus decondenses and transforms into the male pronuclesu

A

Fuse to make zygote

58
Q

Morula

A

16 cell 3 d

59
Q

Blastocyst

A

Day four and 5

60
Q

How implant

A

Trophoblast secrete protease that digest the outlet lying zone pellucida-hatched blastocyst is Abe to adhere to and implant into receptive uterine endometrium

61
Q

What do trophoblast diffferentiate into

A

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophobast

62
Q

Cyto and syncytial

A

Inner c

Outer syn

63
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A

Rapidly proliferating

64
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

Adhesive, invasive, endocrine

Secrete LH like HcF

Make progesterone

Phagocytosis and transfer nutrients

65
Q

Decidualization

A

Response of maternal cells to progesterone

Endometrial stroma is transformed into enlarged and glycogen filled decidusal cells

66
Q

Decidua

A

Endometrium ready for implantation

-forms an epithelial like sheet with adhesive junctions that inhibit migration of the implanting embryo

67
Q

What three structures make up placenta

A

Chorionic villi, intervillous space, decidua basalis

68
Q

Chorionic villi

A

Functional unit, branching for maternal fetal exchange

69
Q

Spiral arteries drain int what

A

Intervillous space

70
Q

Hcg max

A

1st trimester

71
Q

Human placental lactose

A

Increase throughout pregnant

72
Q

Bhcg

A

By sybcytiotrophoblasts

Binds lh receptor Langer HL
Maintain CL during first 10 weeks

73
Q

What causes nausea pregnant

A

HCG cicnrease

74
Q

HPL

A

From syncytiotrophoblasts

Similar to GH and prolactin

Detected by 10 days in serum

Has antagonistic action to insulin, contributing to diabetogenecity of pregnancy

75
Q

Diabetogenic pregnant

A

HPL

76
Q

HOK

A

Ubcrease glucose availability by inhibiting maternal glucose uptake

Lipolytic help mom shift to use of FFA

77
Q

DHEAS from fetal zone

A

Converted by syncytiotrophoblasts to estradiol and estrone or estriol

78
Q

Estriol

A

Increase blood flow, enhance LDL receptor in syncytrophoblast, induce prostagladins and oxytocin receptors and mammary Gand

79
Q

Can the placenta make estrogen and progesterone

A

Nope

Assist by mom and fetus

80
Q

Why uterus quiet during pregnancy

A

Progesterone and relaxin

81
Q

When give birth

A

40 weeks after last menstrual period

38 weeks after fertilization

82
Q

Estrogen role parturition

A

Increase uterine contractility

Stimulates synthesis of oxytocin receptors

83
Q

Prostagladins

A

Initiate labor
Increase in parturition
PGF1a and PGE 2 increase uterine motility; rage doses induce labor

84
Q

Uterine stretch stimulates

A

Prostagladin production

85
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterus contract after fetus born

Increase prostagladins

86
Q

Relaxin

A

Quiet during preg

87
Q

Relaxin increase labor

A

Soften and dilates cervix

88
Q

Fetal pituitary

A

Secretes quantities of oxytocin which excite uterus

89
Q

Fetal adrenals

A

Cortisol uterine stimulant

90
Q

Fetal placental

A

Prostagladins

Increase intensity of uterine contractions

91
Q

Positive feedback of labor

A

Prostagladins and OT sustain uterine contractions stimulate prostagladin release,

Uterine activity stretches the cervic, thus stimulating OT release through Ferguson reflex

92
Q

Lactation

A

HPL, PRL

93
Q

Colostrum

A

Comes out during preg

Yellow milks like substance first few days after birth, high Ig

94
Q

Prl on mammary

A

Promote growth

Initiate milk secretion maintain milk production

95
Q

Four effects of suckling

A
  • crying kid activates
  • dopamine release inhibited
  • spinal cord neurons stimulate production and release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary
  • spinal cord neurons inhibit the arcuate and preoptic area of hypothalamus causing a fall in gnrh production -inhibits ovarian cycle

Physiology (7 decks)

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