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Repro Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH secretion over lifetime

A

Kid FSH>LH

Puberty-pulsation LH>FHS

LOF FSH>LH

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2
Q

Pulsation administration vs long acting gnrh administration

A

Puberty and reproductive function

No work

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3
Q

Where are sertoli and leydig

A

Sertoli in seminiferous tubule

Leydig interstitial between tubules

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4
Q

Describe testis

A

80% seminiferous tubules 20% ct with leydig

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5
Q

17b hydroxysteroid DH

A

Androstenedione to testosterone

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6
Q

End product of steroid synthesis in testis vs adrenal

A

Testosterone

Shea and androstenedione

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7
Q

Where is 5a reductase

A

Peripheral

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8
Q

Estrogen in male

A

From sertoli for spermatogenesis

Most liver from testosterone nad androstenedione

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9
Q

Rate limiting step in testosterone synthesis

A

Conversion of cholesterol to pregneloone

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10
Q

How get t from in leydig to periphery

A

In seminiferous tubule bound to abp

Carrier to periphery by SHBG and albumin

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11
Q

Testerosterone in fetal

A

Penis scrotum

Epididymis, vas def, seminal vesicles

Descent of testis-CRYPTORCHIDISM

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12
Q

No testosterone

A

Clit and vag

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13
Q

No testosterone last 2-3 months of preg with boy

A

Cryptoorchidism

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14
Q

Testosterone receptor

A

Nuclear ar receptor

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15
Q

LH receptor

A

Camp pka pathway

Gs

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16
Q

Fsh receptor

A

Camp pka gs

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17
Q

Does testosterone get converted to estradiol in Sertoli cell

A

Yup by aromatase

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18
Q

Supportive function of Sertoli cells

A

Blood testis barrier
Phagocytosis

Transfer of nutrients from blood to sperm

Receptors

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19
Q

Exocrine Sertoli cells

A

Production of fluid
Abp

Release sperm

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20
Q

Endocrine sertoli

A

Abp, t, and fsh receptors

Make amh

Aromoatzation of t to estradiol

Make inhibiton

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21
Q

Gh spermatogenesis

A

Promotes early division of sperm, without it spermatogenesis I is absent and infertile

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22
Q

When does sperm production start

A

15

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23
Q

How get erection

A

Parasympathetic nerves innervation the vascular sm of he helicon arteries that supply blood to the cavernous spaces release NO which activates Gc to increase cGMP to decrease intracelllular ca and relax vascular sm

Vasodilation and engorged tissue presses the veins against a non compliant outer fascia, reducing Venus drainage
Somatic stimulation increases contraction of muscles at the base of the penis

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24
Q

Emission

A

From epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Sympathetic

Peristaltic contractions SM and closing internal sphincter of bladder

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25
Ejaculation
Rhythmis contraction of bulbs spongiosum and ischiocavernous muscles (striated) Somatic motor nerves
26
Capacitation of sperm
Come in contact with fluids of female tract - uterine and Fallopian tubes wash away inhibitory factors - loss of cholesterol that build up on the acrosome, which now make the head of the sperm weaker - membrane of the perm is much more permeable to ca increases the motility of the sperm
27
What is in the acrosome
Hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzymes
28
Hyaluronidase
Depolymerizes hyaluronic acid polymers int he intercellular cement that hold the ovarian granulosa cells together The proteolytic enzymes digest proteins in the structural elements of tissue cells that adhere to the ovum
29
No testosterone 2-3 month gestation
Carrying degrees of ambiguity of male generalize and get pseudohermaphrodism
30
3rd trimester t defiency
Cryptoorchidism and micirpenis
31
Puberty no t
Poor secondary development and eunuchoid features | —keep prepubescent characteristics
32
Post puberty no t
No libido, ED, no hair, low energy
33
Kallman
Genetic disorder when GnRH neurons fail to migrate into the hypothalamus during embryonic development -delayed or absent puberty and impaired sense of smell Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
34
Klinefelter
Extra z At puberty dont get normal testicular growth and spermatogenesis Androgen low, FSH LH high, primary hypogonadism Seminiferous blues destroyed
35
Effect of klinefelter
Primary hypogonadism decreased t
36
Pituitary tumor decrease lh fsh
Low t
37
Kallman
Decrease gnrh
38
BPH
Not more dht, butmore dht receptors
39
Females
Ok
40
Inhibits
Granulosa cells Inhibit fhs
41
Activism
Granulosa cells stimulate fsh
42
Estrone converted to estradiol
17b hsd
43
Estrogen negative feedback vs progesterone
Estrogen low and high Progesterone high
44
Positive feedback estrogen
Woo | Also get from progesterone during late follicular phase
45
Er and progestin receptors
Increases
46
Progestin and er
Decreases
47
Progesterone stimulates 17b hsd and sulfotrasferase
Conversion estradiol to weaker compounds
48
Progesterone promotes the differentiation of stromal cells int ____ cells which must be prepared to form ___
Predecidual cells Decidus
49
POCS
Most common cause of infertility Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, polycystic ovary Abnormal ovarian steroidigenesis and folliculogenesis
50
Blood value pocs
Up lh low fsh up t Young obese hirsute females of reproductive age; oligomenorrhea amenorrhea High androgens promotes atresia in developing follicles and sit-ups feedback
51
SERMs attaches to
Zone pellucida with sperm Zp3 interaction
52
Acrosome reaction
Ca in sperm triggers fusion of outer acrosome membrane wit the sperm cells plasma membrane and results in the exocytosis of most of the acrosome contents
53
Spermatozoon
Penetrate zone pellucida
54
Cell membrane of sperm fuses with what
Oocytes
55
What does fusion trigger
Oocytes 2nd meritocracy division and cortical reaction
56
How get 2nd metic division and cortical reaction
Increase ca in oocyte Exocytosis of cortical granules Exocytosis of granules that act on glycoproteins in zone pellucida and cause them to harden Prevents polyspermy
57
Sperm nucleaus decondenses and transforms into the male pronuclesu
Fuse to make zygote
58
Morula
16 cell 3 d
59
Blastocyst
Day four and 5
60
How implant
Trophoblast secrete protease that digest the outlet lying zone pellucida-hatched blastocyst is Abe to adhere to and implant into receptive uterine endometrium
61
What do trophoblast diffferentiate into
Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophobast
62
Cyto and syncytial
Inner c Outer syn
63
Cytotrophoblast
Rapidly proliferating
64
Syncytiotrophoblast
Adhesive, invasive, endocrine Secrete LH like HcF Make progesterone Phagocytosis and transfer nutrients
65
Decidualization
Response of maternal cells to progesterone Endometrial stroma is transformed into enlarged and glycogen filled decidusal cells
66
Decidua
Endometrium ready for implantation | -forms an epithelial like sheet with adhesive junctions that inhibit migration of the implanting embryo
67
What three structures make up placenta
Chorionic villi, intervillous space, decidua basalis
68
Chorionic villi
Functional unit, branching for maternal fetal exchange
69
Spiral arteries drain int what
Intervillous space
70
Hcg max
1st trimester
71
Human placental lactose
Increase throughout pregnant
72
Bhcg
By sybcytiotrophoblasts Binds lh receptor Langer HL Maintain CL during first 10 weeks
73
What causes nausea pregnant
HCG cicnrease
74
HPL
From syncytiotrophoblasts Similar to GH and prolactin Detected by 10 days in serum Has antagonistic action to insulin, contributing to diabetogenecity of pregnancy
75
Diabetogenic pregnant
HPL
76
HOK
Ubcrease glucose availability by inhibiting maternal glucose uptake Lipolytic help mom shift to use of FFA
77
DHEAS from fetal zone
Converted by syncytiotrophoblasts to estradiol and estrone or estriol
78
Estriol
Increase blood flow, enhance LDL receptor in syncytrophoblast, induce prostagladins and oxytocin receptors and mammary Gand
79
Can the placenta make estrogen and progesterone
Nope Assist by mom and fetus
80
Why uterus quiet during pregnancy
Progesterone and relaxin
81
When give birth
40 weeks after last menstrual period 38 weeks after fertilization
82
Estrogen role parturition
Increase uterine contractility Stimulates synthesis of oxytocin receptors
83
Prostagladins
Initiate labor Increase in parturition PGF1a and PGE 2 increase uterine motility; rage doses induce labor
84
Uterine stretch stimulates
Prostagladin production
85
Oxytocin
Uterus contract after fetus born Increase prostagladins
86
Relaxin
Quiet during preg
87
Relaxin increase labor
Soften and dilates cervix
88
Fetal pituitary
Secretes quantities of oxytocin which excite uterus
89
Fetal adrenals
Cortisol uterine stimulant
90
Fetal placental
Prostagladins Increase intensity of uterine contractions
91
Positive feedback of labor
Prostagladins and OT sustain uterine contractions stimulate prostagladin release, Uterine activity stretches the cervic, thus stimulating OT release through Ferguson reflex
92
Lactation
HPL, PRL
93
Colostrum
Comes out during preg Yellow milks like substance first few days after birth, high Ig
94
Prl on mammary
Promote growth Initiate milk secretion maintain milk production
95
Four effects of suckling
- crying kid activates - dopamine release inhibited - spinal cord neurons stimulate production and release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary - spinal cord neurons inhibit the arcuate and preoptic area of hypothalamus causing a fall in gnrh production -inhibits ovarian cycle

Physiology (7 decks)

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