Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Healthy Animals 2 > Repro > Flashcards

Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells does GnRH act on and what hormone do they secrete?

A

Sertoli cells (FSH)
Leydig cells (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the positive and negative feedback hormone on Sertoli cells (FSH)?

A

Activin +
Inhibin -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are negative feedback hormones for GnRH?

A

Estradiol
Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are spermatozoa produced?

A

The testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are spermatozoa matured?

A

Head and body of the epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are spermatozoa stored?

A

Tail of the epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of spermatogenesis?

A

Process by which male gamete cells develop into spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatocytogensis
Spermatidogenesis
Spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the layers of the seminiferous tubule?

A

Spermatogonia -> Spermocytes ->Spermatids ->Spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the “factory” of the testis?

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most immature spermatogenic sperm type?

A

Spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What things can Spermatogonia do?

A

->Replicate (mitosis) to replenish level of Spermatogonia
->Replicate (mitosis) to form next stage of spermatogensis (primary spermatocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage does the formation of the head, neck, middle piece, principle piece, and tail happen. Also loss of cytoplasm.

A

Spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus turn into?

A

Acrosomal vesicle and granule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 phases within the spermiogenesis?

A

Golgi phase
Cap phase
Acrosomal phase
Maturation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What animal has the shortest spermatogenesis time?

A

Horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are leydig and Sertoli cells found?

A

The testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s the result of meiosis?

A

A cell that is diploid to a cell that is haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the result of mitosis?

A

A cell that is diploid to a cell that is also diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens in the cap phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Acrosome begins to spread out over the spermatid nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens during the Golgi phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Golgi apparatus turns into the acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens during the acrosomal phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Middle piece develops and cytoplasm starts to shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens during the maturation phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Almost all cytoplasm is lost, mitochondria migrate to middle piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which cells in the female secrete LH?

A

Theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What cells in the female secrete FSH?

A

Granulosome cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the first phase of a follicle in a female?

A

Primordial follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the last phase before ovulation in a female?

A

Graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 3 phases of oogenesis?

A

Fetal
Prepubertal
Puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What occurs in fetal oogenesis development?

A

Sex cords break down
MITOSIS of oogonia to form pool of germ cells for the rest of her life
Most oogonia ARREST in first meiotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a primary oocyte?

A

The arrested oocyte in the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are follicular cells?

A

Follicular cells are the cells that form around an oocyte (occurs during fetal oogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

At what point do you refer to something as a follicle?

A

When an oocyte is surrounded by follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is an oocyte?

A

Single cell derived from a germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a follicle?

A

Structure with oocyte AND supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is atresia?

A

Atresia is the death/loss of follicular structure and oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What occurs during prepubertal oogenesis?

A

Really only atresia and resting occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What happens during the post pubertal oogenesis?

A

Secondary oocyte is formed (completion of the first meiotic division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the 3 possible outcomes for a oocyte during post pubertal oogenesis?

A

Ovulation
Atresia
Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What occurs after the fertilization is the post pubertal oogenesis?

A

The second meiotic division! (First occurred after puberty) Also more polar bodies are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What region determines gonadal development?

A

SRY (sex determining region Y)

42
Q

What moves from the placenta (allantois) to the genital ridge during sexual differentiation?

A

Primordial germ cells to the genital ridge through the yolk sac

43
Q

What are the two sets of primordia that a fetus contains?

A

Mesonephric ducts (Wolffian)
Paramesonephric ducts (Mullerian)

44
Q

Which duct fully develops in fetuses that are developing testicles?

A

Mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts)

45
Q

Which duct will fully develop in fetuses that will develop ovaries?

A

Paramesonephric duct (Müllerian duct)

46
Q

What determines the development of Mesonephric vs Paramesonephric ducts?

A

HORMONES
Presence of testosterone and anti mullerian hormone atrophies Müllerian duct

47
Q

What is the exocrine part of the testis?

A

The seminiferous tubules

48
Q

What are sertoli cell’s (sustentacular cells) two jobs?

A

1) Forms blood/testis barrier
2) Endocrine function (inhibin)

49
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

Within the seminiferous tubules along the apical barrier (large nucleus)

50
Q

Where are myoid cells located?

A

In connective tissue outside of seminiferous tubules

51
Q

What do myoid cells do?

A

Moves spermatozoa through tubules

52
Q

Where are leading cells and what do they do?

A

Where: In connective tissue outside of seminiferous tubule
What: Produce testosterone

53
Q

What is the connective tissue through the testis called?

A

Tunica albuginea

54
Q

What is the collection area of the seminiferous tubules in the center of the testis?

A

Rete testis

55
Q

What does the Mesonephric duct form?

A

Efferent ductules (ducts leaving testis)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ampullae

56
Q

What is the structure of the epididymis?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

57
Q

What is the structure of the epididymis?

A

Tube with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and large majority is smooth muscle

58
Q

What are the 5 accessory sex glands? (SPABU)

A

Ampullae
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Urethral glands

59
Q

What are the “Big 4” sex glands? (SPAB)

A

Bulbourethral gland
Ampullae
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicles

60
Q

Which 2 species have all 4 of the “big 4” sex glands?

A

Horses and Ruminants

61
Q

Which accessory sex glands does a pig have?

A

Bulbourethral gland
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland

62
Q

What accessory sex glands does a dog have?

A

Just prostate!

63
Q

What accessory sex glands does a cat have?

A

Prostate and Bulbourethral glands

64
Q

What accessory sex gland do all major species have?

A

Prostate gland!

65
Q

What is the ampullae?

A

Terminal portion of ductus deferens

66
Q

What is the size of the prostate dependent on?

A

Hormones (testosterone)
So neutered animals have small to no prostate

67
Q

What facilitates testicular decent?

A

Gubernaculum testis

68
Q

What do the cloacal folds develop into?

A

Penile urethra and scrotum

69
Q

What fills with blood to cause an erection?

A

Cavernous tissue (corpus spongiosum)

70
Q

What are the 2 types of penises amongst species variation?

A

Fibrous penis: Boar and ruminant
Vascular penis: Carnivores and horses

71
Q

What are the two erectile tissues in the vascular penis?

A

Corpus cavernosa penis (2 outside urethral area)
Corpus spongiousum (surrounds urethra)

72
Q

What is the preputial covering of the penis called?

A

Glans of the penis

73
Q

Where are oocytes found in the ovary?

A

In the cortex

74
Q

What is the difference in a mare’s ovary?

A

Structure is reversed where follicles are matured in the medulla rather than the cortex
Presence of an ovarian fossa where the oocyte is released from (looks a little like a kidney)

75
Q

What is developed in the primary follicle that isn’t developed in the primordial follicle?

A

Zona pellucida

76
Q

What’s the histological difference between the primary and secondary follicle?

A

The secondary follicle develops an antrum

77
Q

What cells proliferate on the secondary follicles?

A

Theca cells accumulate around the outside of the granulosa cells

78
Q

What are the two layers of Theca cells?

A

Theca interna and Theca external

79
Q

What are specialized structures around oocyte of tertiary (Graafian) follicles?

A

Corona radiata
Cumulus Oophorus

80
Q

What is the structure that remains immediately after ovulation?

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum
“Blood Body”

81
Q

What is the job of the corpus luteum?

A

Hormone production (progesterone)
Is retained if pregnant
Is regressed if pregnancy does not occur

82
Q

What remains if the corpus luteum (yellow body) is regressed?

A

Corpus albicans

83
Q

What are the 5 stages of the estrus cycle?

A

Anestrus
Proestrus
Estrus
Metaestrus
Diestrus

84
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the uterine tube?

A

Transport ova
Site of fertilization

85
Q

What are the 4 structures derived from the Paramesonephric duct?

A

Uterine tube
Uterus
Cervix
Anterior portion of vagina

86
Q

What are the 3 regions of the uterine tube?

A

Isthmus (proximal and narrow)
Ampulla (middle and medium sized)
Infundibulum and folds (distal and large lumen with lots of folds)

87
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

88
Q

What are the 4 layers of the vaginal epithelium?

A

Mucosa
Lamina propria
Muscularis
Adventitia

89
Q

What does the crania vagina have instead of adventitia?

A

Serosa

90
Q

Is the formation of the posterior vagina hormone dependent or independent?

A

Independent

91
Q

What occurs during anestrus?

A

Quiescent ovary

92
Q

What occurs during proestrus?

A

Rising estrogen, follicular development

93
Q

What occurs during estrus?

A

Max estrogen, ovulation

94
Q

What occurs during diestrus?

A

Estrogen and progesterone, CL forms

95
Q

What happens during diestrus?

A

Progesterone, CL mature

96
Q

What is the structure of the posterior vagina during estrus?

A

Increased thickness with keratinized epithelial cells

97
Q

What forms into the clitoris?

A

Genital tubercle

98
Q

What forms into the major labia?

A

Genital swellings

99
Q

What is different in the avian female reproductive tract?

A

Only the left ovary and oviduct are retained in the adult (in contrast to both testicles present in the male)

100
Q

What type of gland is the mammary gland?

A

Modified apocrine gland

101
Q

What is the passage of milk through the mammary gland?

A

Interlobular duct
Lobular duct
Lobar duct
Gland sinus

Healthy Animals 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions