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Healthy Animals 2 > Pelvic Anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the paritoneal pouch located between the rectum and the genitals?

A

Rectogenital pouch

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal pouch located between the genitals and the bladder?

A

Vesiculogenital pouch

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal pouch located between the pubic bone and the bladder?

A

Pubovesicular pouch

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4
Q

What are the 2 poles of the kidney?

A

Cranial and caudal poles

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5
Q

What are the 2 capsules of the kidney called?

A

Renal capsule (connective tissue)
Adipose capsule (fat)

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6
Q

What word describes something covered on one side by peritoneum (like the kidney)

A

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Where is the right kidney located?

A

T16, T17, T18, L1

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8
Q

Where is the left kidney located?

A

T18, L1, L2, L3

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9
Q

What is the topographical region where vessels and ureter enter and leave kidney?

A

Renal hilus

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10
Q

What is the indented space on the kidney where vessels are located (usually filled with fat)?

A

Renal sinus

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11
Q

What is the funnel shaped structure to the start of the ureter?

A

Renal pelvis

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12
Q

What is something unique that is added to the horse’s urine in the pelvis?

A

Mucous

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13
Q

What is the extension of the pelvis towards the poles of a horse called?

A

Terminal recess

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14
Q

What is the ridge of tissue in the kidney that drains directly into the renal pelvis?

A

Renal crest

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15
Q

What 2 spots in the horse urinary system is mucous added?

A

Renal pelvis
Proximal 1/3 of ureter

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16
Q

Where is the ureter contained in the male horse?

A

In the genital fold

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17
Q

Where is the ureter located in the female horse?

A

Broad ligament

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18
Q

What are the 3 ligaments that hold the bladder in place?

A

Left lateral ligament
Right lateral ligament
Median ligament

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the bladder?

A

Apex
Body
Neck (junction with urethra)

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20
Q

What is the topographical region of the bladder located on the dorsal wall and formed by the left and right ureter as well as the internal urethral orifice?

A

Trigone

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21
Q

What are the 2 urethral orifices?

A

internal urethral orifice
external urethral orifice

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22
Q

What is the vestige of fetal connection of urachus of bladder to belly button

A

Patent urachus

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23
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located relative to each kidney?

A

Medial

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24
Q

How can you tell the difference between a lymph node and an adrenal gland?

A

Adrenal gland has a cortex and medulla

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25
Q

What is a singular hip bone?

A

os coxae

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26
Q

What are multiple hip bones (2 hip bones)

A

Ossa coxarum

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27
Q

What is 1 bony pelvis formed from?

A

Fusion of sacrum, 3 vertebrae, and 2 hip bones

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28
Q

What is the slope of the pelvis defined by?

A

The slope between the ischiadic tuberosity and the tuber coxae

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29
Q

What is found along the slope of the pelvis?

A

The greater trochanter of the femur

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30
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacrum

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31
Q

What is the ventral boundary of the pelvic inlet?

A

Cranial edge of pubis

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32
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the pelvic inlet?

A

Arcuate line of ileum

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33
Q

What is the dorsal to ventral diameter of the pelvic inlet called?

A

Conjugate diameter

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34
Q

What is the lateral measurement of the pelvic inlet called?

A

Transverse diameter

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35
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic outlet?

A

Caudal vertebrae 1-3

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36
Q

What is the ventral boundary of the pelvic outlet?

A

Ischial arch

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37
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet?

A

Sacrosciatic ligament (very different in horse, much wider)

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38
Q

What fused vertebrae form the sacrum?

A

S1-S5

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39
Q

What is the prominence from S1 of the sacrum called?

A

Promontory

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40
Q

What does the fusion of the transverse processes of the vertebrae form?

A

Lateral sacral crest
(Median sacral crest may be present in old horses)

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41
Q

What is the hollow space inside the sacrum?

A

Sacral canal

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42
Q

What is the ligament from the tuber sacrale to lateral sacral crest?

A

Sacroiliac ligament

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43
Q

What is the ligament that passes from the lateral sacral crest to ischiadic spine and tuberosity?

A

Sacrosciatic ligament

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44
Q

What notch is located cranial to ischiadic spine?

A

Greater sciatic notch

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45
Q

What notch is located caudal to ischiadic spine?

A

Lesser sciatic notch

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46
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic notch?

A

Sciatic nerve
Cranial gluteal artery

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47
Q

What passes through the lesser sciatic notch?

A

Internal obturator

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48
Q

What is the dorsal superficial boundary of the perineum?

A

Root of the tail

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49
Q

What is the dorsal deep boundary of the perineum?

A

End of the sacrum

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50
Q

What is the ventral superficial perineum?

A

Scrotum or base of mammary gland

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51
Q

What is the ventral deep boundary of the perineum?

A

Ischial arch

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52
Q

What is the common term for perineal body?

A

Taint

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53
Q

What is the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris?

A

Pudendal nerve

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54
Q

What nerve innervate the anal sphincter and skin of perineum?

A

Caudal rectal nerve

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55
Q

What are the 3 nerves that the sciatic nerve gives off?

A

Cranial gluteal
Caudal gluteal
Caudocutaneous femoral

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56
Q

What is the flow of blood at the end of the aorta?

A

Deep circumflex iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac

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57
Q

What is the external iliac?

A

L4-L5

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58
Q

What is the last branch of the aorta?

A

Internal iliac

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59
Q

Where is the internal iliac artery?

A

L5-L6

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60
Q

What does the internal iliac split into?

A

Internal pudendal and caudal gluteal

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61
Q

What are the 4 layers of the scrotum?

A

1)Skin
2)Dartos
3) Fascia
4) Parietal vaginal tunic

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62
Q

What is the indentation at the midline of the scrotum called?

A

Raphe

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63
Q

What is the orientation of the testes?

A

Horizontally

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64
Q

What is the capsule of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle around the testis?

A

Tunica albuginea

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65
Q

What is the head of the epididymis for the horse?

A

Cranial pole

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66
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

TNAVL
ductus deferens
Visceral vaginal tunic

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67
Q

What does the ligament of the tail of the epididymis connect to?

A

Parietal vaginal tunic

68
Q

What does the proper ligament of the testis attach to?

A

Connects to the the testis

69
Q

What is the “stock” of the testis?

A

Mesofuniculus

70
Q

What is the visceral tunic that attaches to the deferent ductus?

A

Mesoductus

71
Q

What is the visceral vaginal tunic that surrounds the TNAVL?

A

Mesorchium

72
Q

What are the 3 parts to the equine penis?

A

Root, body, and glans

73
Q

What is the erectile tissue found in the left and right crus as well as the body?

A

Corpus cavernosum penis

74
Q

What is th muscle that covers each crus of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

75
Q

What is the tissue directly around the urethra?

A

Corpus spongiusum penis

76
Q

What is the muscle that covers the corpus spongiosum penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

77
Q

What is the glandular tissue located inside the glans and its dorsal process?

A

Corpus spongiusum glandis

78
Q

What is the process that goes out the tip of the penis?

A

Urethral process

79
Q

What is the “rim” of the glans?

A

Corona glandis

80
Q

What is the space around the terminal part of the urethra?

A

Fossa glandis

81
Q

What is the external prepuce opening?

A

Preputial opening

82
Q

What is the internal preputial opening?

A

Preputial ring

83
Q

What is the order of accessory sex gland felt on rectal palpation?

A

Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
Ampulla

84
Q

Where does the prostate gland open?

A

Lateral to colliculus seminalis

85
Q

Where does the seminal vesicles and ampulla open?

A

Open ON colliculus seminalis (aka ejaculatory orifice)

86
Q

What muscle covers the pelvic portion of the urethra?

A

Urethralis

87
Q

What muscle covers the Bulbourethral gland?

A

Bulboglandularis

88
Q

What muscle covers the corpus spongiosum penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus

89
Q

What muscle covers the crus of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus

90
Q

What is the band of tissue running along the midline of the penis?

A

Retractor penis

91
Q

What is the triple blood supply of the penis?

A

Internal pudendal artery
Obturator artery
External pudendal artery

92
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?

A

Artery of the penis>Artery of the bulb of the penis>Dorsal artery of the penis

93
Q

What are the branches of the obturator artery

A

Middle artery of the penis>Deep artery of the penis and a branch to form dorsal artery of penis

94
Q

What are the branches of the external pudendal artery

A

Cranial artery of the penis>Bifurcates to form anastomotic branches of the dorsal artery of the penis

95
Q

What are the 3 anatomical branches that contribute to the dorsal artery of the penis?

A

Artery of the penis, middle artery of the penis, and cranial artery of the penis

96
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the penis/clitoris?

A

Hypogastic nerve

97
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the penis/clitoris?

A

Pelvic nerve

98
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for the penis and scrotum?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

99
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for testes and epididymis?

A

Medial iliac lymph nodes (orchitis)

100
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for the stifle?

A

Lateral iliac lymph nodes (gonitis)

101
Q

What part of the broad ligament suspends the uterus?

A

Me some trim

102
Q

What part of the broad ligament suspends the ovary?

A

Mesovarium

103
Q

What part of the broad ligament suspends the uterine tube?

A

Mesosalpinx

104
Q

Where is the ovary typographically located?

A

Half way between last rib and tuber coxae

105
Q

What is the concave surface of ovary?

A

Ovulation fossa (eggs are released)

106
Q

What is the convex surface of the ovary of the horse?

A

Ovarian hilus

107
Q

What is the pocket surrounding equine ovary?

A

Ovarian bursa

108
Q

What is the ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus?

A

Proper ligament of the ovary

109
Q

What ligament is NOT in the equine species?

A

Suspensory ligament

110
Q

What is the main blood supply to the ovary?

A

Ovarian artery

111
Q

What artery supplies the uterus?

A

Uterine branch of the ovarian artery

112
Q

What is the funnel shaped opening of the uterine tube?

A

Infundibulum

113
Q

What are the foot processes off of the uterine tube?

A

Fimbrea

114
Q

What is the entrance into the uterine tube?

A

Abdominal ostium

115
Q

What is the exit out of the uterine tube into the uterine horn?

A

Uterine ostium

116
Q

What is the entrance into the cervix?

A

Internal uterine orifice

117
Q

What is the exit out of the cervical into the vagina?

A

External uterine orifice

118
Q

What is the primary supply to the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

119
Q

What is the space surrounding the vaginal portion of the cervix?

A

Fornix

120
Q

What divides the vagina and the vestibule?

A

The hymen (transverse fold)

121
Q

What are the glands in the vestibule to lubricate?

A

Vestibular glands (major and minor)

122
Q

What is the fold over the clitoral fossa?

A

Frenular fold

123
Q

What is the rapid in and out motion of the clitoris during estrus called?

A

Vulvar winking

124
Q

What is the groove the runs down the midline of the equine mammary gland?

A

Intermammary groove

125
Q

How many milk glands are present in the horse?

A

4

126
Q

How many openings are on each teat of the horse?

A

2

127
Q

What drains the parenchyma

A

Lactiforis ducts

128
Q

What is the milk storage unit called?

A

Lactiforis sinus

129
Q

Where is the right kidney located on the bovine?

A

L1-L3

130
Q

Where is the left kidney located on the bovine?

A

THE RIGHT SIDE! L3-L5

131
Q

Is there a renal pelvis in a ruminant?

A

NO (Caylx)

132
Q

What is the outpouch at the external urethral orifice?

A

Suburethral diverticulum

133
Q

What is the function of the protractor muscle of the bovine penis?

A

Cover the glans of the penis

134
Q

What is the function of the retractor function for the bovine penis?

A

Expose the glans

135
Q

What is unique about the bovine penis body?

A

Sigmoid flexure

136
Q

What is the penis surrounded by?

A

Tunica albuginea

137
Q

What is unique about the urethral process of the small ruminant?

A

It is very long

138
Q

What is the single supply to the bovine penis? (Compared to triple supply to horse)

A

Internal iliac

139
Q

What is the orientation of the bovine testicals?

A

Vertical

140
Q

What is the muscle that covers the Bulbourethral gland in the bovine?

A

Bulbospongiosus

141
Q

What are the 2 parts of the prostate in the bovine?

A

Body and disseminate parts
(ONLY DISSEMINATE PART IN SMALL RUMINANT)

142
Q

What is the ovary shaped like in the bovine?

A

Small, bean

143
Q

Wha this the ligament between each horn of the uterus?

A

Intercornual ligament

144
Q

What is much larger in the cow, the horns or the body?

A

The horns

145
Q

What are the bumps on the uterine horn mucosa?

A

Maternal caruncles (oval)
Crater-like in small ruminant

146
Q

What is the tissue that actually produces milk?

A

Parenchyma

147
Q

What is the function of the suspensory apparatus of the bovine?

A

Support weight of the udder

148
Q

What is the principal blood supply for the bovine mammary gland?

A

External pudendal artery

149
Q

What are the 3 routes of venous return from the udder in the bovine?

A

External pudendal vein
Milk (subcutaneous abdominal) vein
Dorsal labial vein

150
Q

Where does the milk vein pass through?

A

Milk well

151
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the udder?

A

Supramammary lymph node

152
Q

What nerve innervate the parenchyma of the udder?

A

Genitofemoral

153
Q

What nerve innervate the cutaneous cranial part of the udder?

A

L1 and L2

154
Q

What nerve innervate the cutaneous middle part of the udder?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

155
Q

What nerve innervate the cutaneous caudal part of the udder?

A

Mammary branch of pudendal nerve

156
Q

How many milk producing units does a small ruminant have?

A

2

157
Q

What direction do nerves travel as they leave the spinal foramina?

A

Caudally

158
Q

What spinal nerve segment is T13 at transverse process of L1?

A

Caustoabdominal nerve

159
Q

What spinal nerve segment is L1 at transverse process of L2?

A

Ileohypogastric nerve

160
Q

What nerve is from spinal nerve L2 and passes over L4 transverse process?
(NO NERVES OVER L3 transverse process)

A

Ileoinguinal nerve

161
Q

Where is rumenotomy done?

A

1/2 way between last rib and tuber coxae on LEFT SIDE

162
Q

Where does the primary oocyte arrest at prenatal?

A

End of first meiotic prophase

163
Q

How many polar bodies are released during fertilization?

A

2 polar bodies

164
Q

What hormone induces myometrial contractions?

A

PGF2alpha from increased cortisol and thus estradiol

165
Q

What is the “water breaking”

A

Chorioallantois which causes lubrication

166
Q

What is Furgusson’s Reflex

A

Pressure on cervix causing massive dump of oxytocin into blood

Healthy Animals 2 (4 decks)

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