Repro 10 - Ovarian Tumor Flashcards
What substances are associated w/ functional ovarian cysts?
Smoking. Tamoxifen. Progestin-only contraceptives.
What are functional ovarian cysts?
Thin walled structures containing serous fluid. There are common and there are different types. Often found incidentally on imaging.
What is a Theca-Lutein cyst?
Caused by luteinization and hypertrophy of the theca interna layer of ovary. This is due to elevation of LH or Beta-hCG which can be see in: multiple gestation, choriocarcinoma, molar pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
What is an endometrioid cyst?
Caused by endometriosis within the ovary. After years, it collects congealed blood, hence why it’s called “Chocolate cyst”.
What is the normal size of an ovary?
It is 2 to 5 cm.
What is a good tumor marker for many ovarian cancers? What is it used for?
CA-125. Not used for screening; too nonspecific. Used to monitor disease.
What are risk cancers for ovarian cancers?
Family history: BRCA1, BRCA2, HNPCC (Lynch syndrome). Uninterrupted ovulatory cycles; nulliparity doubles risk. Early menarche, late menopause.
What are the 4 main categories of ovarian tumors?
Epithelial (60% of ovarian tumors, 90% of ovarian cancers). Germ cell. Stromal. Metastatic (GI, breast, endometrium).
Which type of ovarian tumor is the most common tumor and the most common of ovarian cancer?
65% of ovarian tumors. 90% of ovarian cancers.
What are the main types of epithelial cell ovarian tumors?
[SERious Menstrual ENemies CLEARly Bring Misery] In order of frequency: Serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner, mixed.
What are the main types of germ cell ovarian tumors?
Teratoma. Dysgerminoma. Endodermal sinus. Choriocarcinoma.
What are the three main types of stromal/sex cord ovarian tumors?
Granulosa-theca cells. Sertoli-Leydig cell. Fibroma.
What is a cystadenoma?
A benign (-adenoma) epithelial cell ovarian tumor. 20% bilateral. It is an uniocular cyst lined by fallopian tube epithelium (ciliated).
What is a Serous Cystadenocarcinoma?
An epithelial cell ovarian cancer, it makes up 50% of the ovarian tumors found. Often bilateral. May look like fallopian tube epithelium but may be anaplastic. May contain psamomma bodies (concentric rings of calcification).
What is a Mucinous cystadenoma?
An epithelial cell ovarian tumor. Benign. Unilateral. May be multilocular and large. Lined by columnar cells that contain mucin and look like intestinal cells.
What is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?
An epithelial cell ovarian cancer. Malignant. Looks like adenocarcinoma of intestine. May contain Pseudomyxoma peritonei; intraperitoneal mucinous material which is often seen w/ appendiceal cancers.
What is an endometrioid tumor?
An epithelial cell ovarian Adenocarcinoma. Looks like endometrium. In 15-20% co-exist w/ endometrial adenocarcinoma.
What is a Clear cell tumor?
An epithelial cell ovarian tumor. Very rare. Cells contain abundant, clear cytoplasm.
What is a Brenner tumor
An epithelial cell ovarian tumor. Benign. Unilateral. Solid and encapsulated. Looks like transitional epithelium of bladder. “Coffee bean nuclei”; the nuclei appear like that.
What type of ovarian tumor make up 70% of the tumor found in women b/w 10 to 30 y.os?
Ovarian germ cell tumors.
What is a teratoma?
An ovarian germ cell tumor, they make up 90% of the ovarian germ cell tumors. Contains elements from multiple embryonic layers.
Which type of teratoma is the most common?
Mature teratomas make up 95% of cases; they are called dermoid cysts. Immature are the other type (5%) and contain immature neural elements. Most common in 1st and 2nd decade of life.
What is a struma ovarii?
A type of teratoma, it contains metabolically active thyroid tissue that can lead to thyrotoxicosis.
What is a Dysgerminoma?
Occur in young women (as early as 7 months of age). Malignant. It is the equivalent to seminoma in males. They are composed of undifferentiated germ cells, large vesicular cells with clear cytoplasm and centrally placed nuclei. “Sheets of uniform cells”. May produce LDH and/or hCG. May be associated w/ Turner syndrome.
