Representations Of Gender (Traditional,Changing, Positive And Negative)

Question 1

Traditional (N) - Tunstall

Answer 1

Women: women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and material activities to the exclusion of all else. Media generally ignores the fact that a majority of British women go to work

Question 2

Traditional (N) - Tuchman

Answer 2

Women: Narrow range of role for women lead to their symbolic annihilation in the media, media depicts traditional ideal of feminity as mothers, housewives, etc.

Question 3

Traditional (N) - Glascock

Answer 3

Women: females are more verbally aggressive, especially in comedies

Question 4

Traditional (N) - Katz

Answer 4

Male violence is rooted in the media’s ability to move away from stereotypical versions of what it means to be a man. Media such as TV, video games, films reinforce hegemonic masculine ideals of violence, sexism and homophobia

Question 5

Traditional (N) - Easthorpe

Answer 5

Transmit the view that masculinity based on strength, aggression, competition and violence is biologically determined and therefore a natural goal for boys to achieve

Question 6

Traditional (N) - Gauntlett

Answer 6

Many magazines aimed at mail audiences that continue to sexually objectify women and present images of traditionally masculine men. Retributive masculinity.

Question 7

Changing (P) - Gill

Answer 7

Women: significant shift in advertising females in media, adverts are now frequently depicted as active, independent and sexually powerful

Question 8

Changing (P) - Westwood

Answer 8

Women: transgressive female roles, refers to the idea that females are now presented in a way that means they are breaking hegemonic social and moral constraints/gender roles.

Question 9

Changing (P) - Gauntlett

Answer 9

Men: Shift away from traditional gender roles across a range of media, male and female representations in the media becoming more equal

Question 10

Changing (P) - Easthorpe

Answer 10

Men: The 1980s saw the emergence of a new breed of glossy magazines aimed at middle class young men, content being emotionally vulnerable, more in touch with their emotions, treating women equally, active fatherhood

Question 11

Changing (P) - Whannel

Answer 11

Men: David Beckham is contradictory, media representations of David are fluid, traditional real man, skills, competitive spirit, etc. this media representation that stress his metrosexuality e.g. commitment to his family, spends great deal and money on his image.