Reporting Quantitative Data

Question 1

Sharing results with a wider audience is a essential for a researcher.
AREA 2002 states that researchers should attempt to reach many stakeholders as possible through the results.
The results should be presented in a clear, straightforward and manner with appropriate lan.

Academic writing in research reports

Answer 1

1. Communicate with the reader
   Reader- friendliness
   -should be written in a way the reader comprehends successfully.
   - audience sensitivity should be prioritized.

Language and style.
- researcher should strike a balance between academia and clarity of the delivery. 

Telling a story
- a more presentable way to maintain engagement with the audience.
- complex material can be dealt with interestingly.

2. Is part of the process of inquiry
   Being a good writer is also a part of conducting the research

Question 2

A style manual intend to maintain consistency of academic writing starting from punctuation to structure of the research report.

Different style manuals provide guidelines distinct to them to structure research reports and organize the content of it.

According to APA guidelines what is the structure of a quantitative research report.

Answer 2

Title and abstract and table of contents
Introduction, literature review and research questions/hypotheses
Method
Data analysis
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References
Appendix
Tables and diagrams

Question 3

Front matter of a research report?

Answer 3

🔴 Title
Summarizes the main idea of the research
Should be catchy and interestingly presented without causing confusion

🔴abstract
- serves the inform and attract function.
- includes the
*research problem and why its worth studying,
*Info about the methodology
*important results and implication.

🔴table of contents
Provides direction to the study and lets the reader know what to expect.

Question 4

Introduction, literature review and RQ or RH

Answer 4

🔴 introduction
-What is the topic and its importance
- How does the research relates to the problem
- theoretical implication
- how the study related to previous studies.

Intros outlines the content of the chapters.

🔴Literature review
A comprehensive summary of previous research done on the topic
- provides a historical overviews of the area under study
-specific theocratical background for the study
-represents the authors perspective on the area under study.
- shows authors familiarity and fluency on the area.

APA guidelines states that a lit riv should not be exhaustive historical review

Lit Reviews often should be a critical analysis. - not in a strict sense

There should be a personal standing, prioritization story line underlying the review.

Should not be overly dependent of authorities, reflect ones own voice.

Research questions are states at the end of the literature riv. or in the methodology.

Question 5

Methodology

Answer 5

Includes the technical details about the research.
Crucial to convince the audience of the credibility of the research
Entirely based on one’s own investigation.

Method includes
Description about sample, instruments, procedures, data analysis, variables of the study.

🔴 sample : describes size, characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity)
Other relevant information about the sample to the study
Ex: l2 learners : proficiency, language history. Years of exposure.

🔴instruments
Describes the tools of data collection and provides a rationale.

🔴procedures
Describes the procedure followed during the data collection.
- how the instruments were administered
- describes the conditions under which the study was conducted.

Data analysis
🔴 preparing the audience in advance to predict what is to come.
Describes the processing procedures
Talks about missing data attrition and other problems

🔴variables of the study
Describes the variables used in the study and how they were operationalized.

Question 6

Results and discussion

Answer 6

Can be combines to separated.
- results and discussions can be presented simultaneously
- results can be followed by comprehensive discussion of it.

In quantitative research the discussion tends to get complex with numbers and
statistics

Thus it is important to use a statistical power language when presenting the results without overwhelming the reader and complicating the understanding of the study.

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

• should be strong
• includes
  Major findings
  Limitation
  Further studies
  Question experienced by the researcher
  Significance of the study

Question 8

References

Answer 8

The in text citations should be included in the reference list and the reference list should include all the citations

The references and i. Text citation should adhere to the presentation style rigorously.

Question 9

Appendix

Answer 9

Anything additional which can be used to better explain what is in the main body.

If any material is distributed in the main body, it can be used as appendix.

Includes copies of instruments (questionnaires) , transcripts, consent letters,

Question 10

Methods to achieve reader friendliness in quan e
Research

Answer 10

Numbers and stats are not liked by many
Quan studies produce complex data
.: data should be presented in a effective manner

APA warns not to present data that can be presented in few sentences

🔴 making it visual appealing with figures and tables

Figures - visualize various characteristics of data . Bar charts, line graphs ( relationship fo the variables)

Schematic representation
Describes complex relationships between multiple variables.

Tables
Summarizes large amounts of data .
Should be numbered and organized and include headings and sub headings

Should not repeat findings except to highlight important ones