reporting people's thoughts and words Flashcards
how is the reporting verb placed in the reporting clause with relation to the subject?
the reporting verb (e.g. ask, continue) is often placed before the subject when the reporting clause comes after the quotation except when the subject is a pronoun:
said Jim or Jim said BUT
she continued - only
how to report a negative sentence?
believe, expect, feel, intend, plan, propose, suppose, think, want - make the verb negative
VOCAB complain - (synonym)
say sth at the same time- (with colloc)
REPAY collocations
interject -
grumble
chorus, chorus in unison, burst into a chorus of, join the chorus, a chorus of complaint
repay the bank loan, repay the loan to, repay sb for, repay a debt, to be repaid in full
break in (on), break in shoes, break in staff gently
when is THAT not left out?
in formal writing, after complain, confide, deny, grumble, speculate, warn, answer , argue, reply
object + to-infinitive (often to be),
feel , acknowledge, assume, believe, consider, declare, expect, find, presume, think, report, understand
when must we include an object between the verb and the that-clause
notify, assure, reassure, convince, inform, persuade, remind, tell
after which verbs do we use of
demand, require, ask
what verbs must have an object before an wh-clause
remind, tell, advise, instruct, inform, teach , warn, show
the way how or the way/ how
the way/ how
how to use WHETHER
similar meaning to if
choose, consider, debate, decide, determine, discuss, know , think about, wonder - whether + to-infinitive
in formal context AS TO WHETHER
: opinion was divided as to whether the study findings were representative of the population as a whole
descent vocab
go into a steep descent, descent into, make final descent into the airport, of .. descent, trace line of descent , direct descent from
shelter vocab
shelter in a shepherd’s hut
provide/give shelter from, take shelter , to shelter
when to use a present rather a past tense
- to report info that we’ve been told or heard but don’t know whether it’s true I HEAR
- to report what is said by some authority THE LAW SAYS
- to report what many people say EVERY TEACHER I’VE SPOKEN TO TELLS ME THAT
consume, discharge vocab
consume vast quantities of , the sheer quantity of equipment is staggering, discharge massive quantities of dust into the atmosphere
discharge waste/oil, discharge - perform a duty, discharge a debt , discharge a gun employees found to have committed any breaches in the discharge of their duties will be reprimanded
wrongful discharge - unfair dismissal, discharge from hospital
how to use TO-INF
1). a to -clause - propose, agree, demand, guarantee, offer, promise, swear, threaten,
volunteer
2) an object+to-inf - encourage, advise, ask, call on, command, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, urge, warn, tell
call on and vow meanings
command colloc
call on - pay a visit; have recourse to, demand that sb do sth, call on staff/strength (use)
vow - promise and make a decision - vow to/that/make or take a vow
at command, give the command, obey commands, command respect
after which verbs can we use a that clause instead of a to-inf clause
promise, demand, agree, expect, guarantee, hope, propose, request, vow
which verbs are ONLY used with a that-clause
and which verbs are ONLY used with a to-inf
insist, order, say, suggest ;
intend, long, offer, refuse, volunteer, want
fare vocab
train/bus fare, tender your fare, a single/return fare, to afford the air fare, prefer simple fare(food)
early -
in good time
tone vocab
engaged vocab
keep getting the engaged tone, the dialling tone, a sympathetic tone, tone of voice, lower/raise the tone, set the tone for, tone sth down, customers calling to book the tickets found the line was constantly engaged
be otherwise engaged, engaged phone/toilet
BAN colloc
the full treatment -
junction
enforce/impose/lift a ban
the works
studies show that accidents occur at road junctions/to avoid the road works, police have advised leaving the motorway at junction 3
noun+ that clause(list as many as you can)
the claim is often made that, come to the conclusion that, acknowledgement, advice, allegation, announcement, answer, argument, comment, decision, explanation, forecast, guarantee, indication, observation, promise, recommendation, reply, speculation, statement, suggestion, threat, warning
forecast vocab
give/make/provide a forecast on sth, a budget/profit/revenue/deficit forecast, economic/bleak/gloomy forecast, be forecast as(coal consumption forecast to increase)
