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ATPL Meteorology > Reporting > Flashcards

Reporting Flashcards

1
Q

What is the world area forecast centre (WAFC)

A

Based in London and Washington

Issue significant weather charts

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2
Q

What does the world area forecast centres (WAFC) report on

A

Upper winds / temps / humidity
Tropopause height / temp
Significant weather

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3
Q

What are the meteorological offices

A

Located all over the world

Exeter

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4
Q

What does the meteorological offices report

A

TAF

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5
Q

What does the meteorological watch offices do (MWO)

A

Weather warnings

SIGMET,

AIRMET (for low level)

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6
Q

What are meteorological stations

A

Aerodrome based

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7
Q

What do meteorological stations report on

A

METAR
SPECI
TREND

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8
Q

What is a volcanic ash advisory centre (VAAC)

A

Minister then report to meteorological organisation the info generated

They don’t issue warnings / forecasts only advise meteorological watch offices

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9
Q

What is tropical cyclone advisory centre (TCAC)

A

Ministers activity then reports info to meteorological watch offices

Don’t issue warnings / forecast only advice meteorological watch offices

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10
Q

What is aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR)

A

Info sensed from aircraft sensors transmitted via ACARS datalink and passed to meteorological office if required

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11
Q

How can you get meteorological information en-route

A

ATIS -radio

D-ATIS = datalink atis

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12
Q

What is a VOLMET

A

Includes info from METAR, SPECI, TREND

includes info for up to 10 airfields in a area

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13
Q

What is the North used for wind on a VOLMET

A

True north because it’s created by a meteorological person

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14
Q

What’s the different between HF and VHF VOLMET

A

HF= scheduled forecast

VHF = continuous

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15
Q

Where can you see TREND info in s VOLMET? VHF/HF?

A

Both

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16
Q

What is a METAR

A

Every 30-60 mins

Landing forecast or trend (as required only for next 2 hours)

SPECI (change or operational significance)

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17
Q

TAF

A

Terminal area forecast

Issued every 3 or 6 hours

Valid for 9 - 36 hours

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18
Q

SIGWX

A

Significant weather

Charts for high, medium, low level

Issued every 6-9 hours

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19
Q

GAMET

A

Issued every 6 hours

Low level text

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20
Q

What is a sigmet warning

A

Upper level

Valid for 4-6 hours

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21
Q

What is a AIRMET warning

A

Low level

Valid for 4 hours

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22
Q

What is a SNOWTAM

A

Airfield condition due to snow: slush / ice

Valid up to 24 hours

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23
Q

What is a ASHTAM

A

Volcanic activity and ash clouds - valid up to 24 hours

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24
Q

What is a aerodrome warning (ADW)

A

Conditions affecting aircraft and facilities on the ground

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25
Q

What does a METAR tell you

A 
Routine report content 
SPECI 
TREND / landing forecast 
runway state 
Windshear warning

Only a METAR has temp/dew QNH

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26
Q

What is CAVOK

A

Vis 10km>

No CB/TC

No cloud 5000ft or highest min safe alt (sector alt)
Whatever is greater

No significant weather

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27
Q

How do you round temperature and QNH

A

Temperature rounded up

QNH rounded down

(To create the worst condition)

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28
Q

What is M01

A

-1°c

29
Q

What do you need if a pressure is less than 1000hpa

A

A 0 at the beginning

Eg Q0998hpa

30
Q

What does the prefix RE mean

A

Recent weather

REGR = recent hail

31
Q

What is the format of s runway decoder

A

RR T E DD BB

RR = runway designator 
T = type of deposit 
E = extent of contamination 
DD = depth of deposit 
BB = breaking condition
32
Q

How long does a windshear warning last

A

Updated every minute

WS21 = windshear runway 21

33
Q

What does WS TKOF 25 mean

A

Windshear present on takeoff from runway 25

34
Q

What does WS LND 06 mean

A

Windshear present in landing on runway 06

35
Q

What does WA ALL RWY mean

A

Windshear present in all runways

36
Q

What will TAF not include

A

Temp/dew QNH, recent weather, windshear, runway state

37
Q

What does TEMPO mean

A

Temporary

May occur within given period, condition will last up to 1 hour

38
Q

What does PROB mean

A

Probably

Likely change (max 40%)

39
Q

What does BCMG mean

A

Permanent change (gradual)

40
Q

What are the requirements for wind to be “variable” (VRB)

A

Below 3 knots

41
Q

What does a wind need to be for it to have the variation presented as 270V210

A

Wind variation of more than 3 knots and more than 60°of variation

42
Q

What does TEMPO mean

A

Can happen more than once for less than 1 hour each shower

But only for more than half the time of the tempo

43
Q

What do SIGWX charts include

A 
Jet streams 
Clear air turbulence 
Significant cloud 
Icing 
Turbulence 
Height of tropopause
44
Q

For CBs what’s is ISOL

A

Isolated - individual

45
Q

For CBs what’s is OCNL

A

Occasional (well separated)

46
Q

For CBs what’s is FRQ

A

Frequent (little / no separation)

47
Q

For CBs what’s is EMBD

A

Embedded

48
Q

For CBs what’s is WDSPD

A

Widespread

49
Q

What is GAMET

A

Less than 10,000ft
Mountain areas less than 15,000ft

Issued whenever seen fit

50
Q

What is a routine air report (AIRREP)

A

Meteorological information from aircraft

Air temp
Wind direction 
Wind speed
Turbulence (if any)
Icing (if any)
Humidity (if available)
51
Q

What is a severe weather warning issued by the MWO

A 
SEVERE turbulence / icing 
Ts (OBSC / EMBD / FRQ)
SEVERE squall lines 
Tropical cyclone (windspeed over 34knots)
SEVERE mountain wave 
HEAVY sand or dust storm 
Volcanic ash clouds

Usually valid for 4 hours
6 if volcanic ash

52
Q

How long does a sigmet weather warning last

A

4 hours

6 if volcanic ash

53
Q

How bad does icing need to be for s SIGMET weather warning

A

Severe

54
Q

How bad does squall lines need to be for s SIGMET weather warning

A

Severe

55
Q

How bad does mountain waves need to be for s SIGMET weather warning

A

Severe

56
Q

How bad does sand or dust storm need to be for s SIGMET weather warning

A

Heavy

57
Q

How bad does icing need to be for s AIRMET weather warning

A

Moderate

58
Q

How bad does mountain waves need to be for s AIRMET weather warning

A

Moderate

59
Q

What is include in a AIRMET weather warning report

A 
Moderate turbulence/ icing 
Ts (ISOL/OCNL)
CB / TC (ISOL / OCNL FRQ)
Cloud ceiling (if below 1000ft)
Mountains obscured 
Moderate mountain waves 
Surface vis <500m
Surface wind > 30 kt
60
Q

What does a special air report from a aircraft contain

A

Mod / severe turbulence

Mod / severe icing

Severe mountain wave

Thunderstorms (if OBSC/ EMB/ widespread / squall lines / with or without hail)

Heavy dust storm / sandstorm

Volcanic ash cloud

Volcanic activity

61
Q

What is ground based weather radar (WSR)

A

Doppler detection of location and movement of water droplets

Returns:
Weak = blue /green
Strong = red/magenta

62
Q

What gives the greatest weather radar return

A

1) we hail
2) rain
3) hail
4) wet snow
5) dry hail
6! Dry snow

63
Q

What are the limitations of weather radar

A

Black areas don’t mean no weather threats

Strong returns (heavy precipitation) can mask other areas of significant weather

64
Q

What does a lightning detector do

A

Some modern radar systems superimpose lightning symbols to warm of high risk areas

65
Q

What is a stormscope / strikefinder

A

Points out areas of likely lightning

Simple lightning detector

Inexpensive /light = good for light aircraft

66
Q

What does a geostationary satellite do

A

Photographs 1/3rd is earths surface

35,786km above surface

67
Q

What is a polar orbiting satellite

A

Passes over the same point of earth 2 times a day

850 km above surface

Closer than geostationary
Better pictures
Able to see clouds better

68
Q

In what ways can a satellite observe the earth

A

Visual:

  • reflect light
  • useful for seeing cloud patterns and weather fronts
  • only during daylight hours

Infrared
- shading shows cloud intensity
- grey = low level cloud (warmer)
White = high level cloud (colder)

Don’t know the different between no cloud and low cloud

69
Q

What would volcanic ash look like on a satellite

A

Grey streak

Warm (might not appear in infrared)

ATPL Meteorology (8 decks)

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