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ATPL Meteorology > Reporting > Flashcards

Reporting Flashcards

1
Q

What is the world area forecast centre (WAFC)

A

Based in London and Washington

Issue significant weather charts

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2
Q

What does the world area forecast centres (WAFC) report on

A

Upper winds / temps / humidity
Tropopause height / temp
Significant weather

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3
Q

What are the meteorological offices

A

Located all over the world

Exeter

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4
Q

What does the meteorological offices report

A

TAF

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5
Q

What does the meteorological watch offices do (MWO)

A

Weather warnings

SIGMET,

AIRMET (for low level)

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6
Q

What are meteorological stations

A

Aerodrome based

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7
Q

What do meteorological stations report on

A

METAR
SPECI
TREND

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8
Q

What is a volcanic ash advisory centre (VAAC)

A

Minister then report to meteorological organisation the info generated

They don’t issue warnings / forecasts only advise meteorological watch offices

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9
Q

What is tropical cyclone advisory centre (TCAC)

A

Ministers activity then reports info to meteorological watch offices

Don’t issue warnings / forecast only advice meteorological watch offices

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10
Q

What is aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR)

A

Info sensed from aircraft sensors transmitted via ACARS datalink and passed to meteorological office if required

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11
Q

How can you get meteorological information en-route

A

ATIS -radio

D-ATIS = datalink atis

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12
Q

What is a VOLMET

A

Includes info from METAR, SPECI, TREND

includes info for up to 10 airfields in a area

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13
Q

What is the North used for wind on a VOLMET

A

True north because it’s created by a meteorological person

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14
Q

What’s the different between HF and VHF VOLMET

A

HF= scheduled forecast

VHF = continuous

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15
Q

Where can you see TREND info in s VOLMET? VHF/HF?

A

Both

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16
Q

What is a METAR

A

Every 30-60 mins

Landing forecast or trend (as required only for next 2 hours)

SPECI (change or operational significance)

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17
Q

TAF

A

Terminal area forecast

Issued every 3 or 6 hours

Valid for 9 - 36 hours

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18
Q

SIGWX

A

Significant weather

Charts for high, medium, low level

Issued every 6-9 hours

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19
Q

GAMET

A

Issued every 6 hours

Low level text

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20
Q

What is a sigmet warning

A

Upper level

Valid for 4-6 hours

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21
Q

What is a AIRMET warning

A

Low level

Valid for 4 hours

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22
Q

What is a SNOWTAM

A

Airfield condition due to snow: slush / ice

Valid up to 24 hours

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23
Q

What is a ASHTAM

A

Volcanic activity and ash clouds - valid up to 24 hours

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24
Q

What is a aerodrome warning (ADW)

A

Conditions affecting aircraft and facilities on the ground

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25
What does a METAR tell you
``` Routine report content SPECI TREND / landing forecast runway state Windshear warning ``` Only a METAR has temp/dew QNH
26
What is CAVOK
Vis 10km> No CB/TC No cloud 5000ft or highest min safe alt (sector alt) Whatever is greater No significant weather
27
How do you round temperature and QNH
Temperature rounded up QNH rounded down (To create the worst condition)
28
What is M01
-1°c
29
What do you need if a pressure is less than 1000hpa
A 0 at the beginning Eg Q0998hpa
30
What does the prefix RE mean
Recent weather REGR = recent hail
31
What is the format of s runway decoder
RR T E DD BB ``` RR = runway designator T = type of deposit E = extent of contamination DD = depth of deposit BB = breaking condition ```
32
How long does a windshear warning last
Updated every minute WS21 = windshear runway 21
33
What does WS TKOF 25 mean
Windshear present on takeoff from runway 25
34
What does WS LND 06 mean
Windshear present in landing on runway 06
35
What does WA ALL RWY mean
Windshear present in all runways
36
What will TAF not include
Temp/dew QNH, recent weather, windshear, runway state
37
What does TEMPO mean
Temporary May occur within given period, condition will last up to 1 hour
38
What does PROB mean
Probably Likely change (max 40%)
39
What does BCMG mean
Permanent change (gradual)
40
What are the requirements for wind to be “variable” (VRB)
Below 3 knots
41
What does a wind need to be for it to have the variation presented as 270V210
Wind variation of more than 3 knots and more than 60°of variation
42
What does TEMPO mean
Can happen more than once for less than 1 hour each shower But only for more than half the time of the tempo
43
What do SIGWX charts include
``` Jet streams Clear air turbulence Significant cloud Icing Turbulence Height of tropopause ```
44
For CBs what’s is ISOL
Isolated - individual
45
For CBs what’s is OCNL
Occasional (well separated)
46
For CBs what’s is FRQ
Frequent (little / no separation)
47
For CBs what’s is EMBD
Embedded
48
For CBs what’s is WDSPD
Widespread
49
What is GAMET
Less than 10,000ft Mountain areas less than 15,000ft Issued whenever seen fit
50
What is a routine air report (AIRREP)
Meteorological information from aircraft ``` Air temp Wind direction Wind speed Turbulence (if any) Icing (if any) Humidity (if available) ```
51
What is a severe weather warning issued by the MWO
``` SEVERE turbulence / icing Ts (OBSC / EMBD / FRQ) SEVERE squall lines Tropical cyclone (windspeed over 34knots) SEVERE mountain wave HEAVY sand or dust storm Volcanic ash clouds ``` Usually valid for 4 hours 6 if volcanic ash
52
How long does a sigmet weather warning last
4 hours | 6 if volcanic ash
53
How bad does icing need to be for s SIGMET weather warning
Severe
54
How bad does squall lines need to be for s SIGMET weather warning
Severe
55
How bad does mountain waves need to be for s SIGMET weather warning
Severe
56
How bad does sand or dust storm need to be for s SIGMET weather warning
Heavy
57
How bad does icing need to be for s AIRMET weather warning
Moderate
58
How bad does mountain waves need to be for s AIRMET weather warning
Moderate
59
What is include in a AIRMET weather warning report
``` Moderate turbulence/ icing Ts (ISOL/OCNL) CB / TC (ISOL / OCNL FRQ) Cloud ceiling (if below 1000ft) Mountains obscured Moderate mountain waves Surface vis <500m Surface wind > 30 kt ```
60
What does a special air report from a aircraft contain
Mod / severe turbulence Mod / severe icing Severe mountain wave Thunderstorms (if OBSC/ EMB/ widespread / squall lines / with or without hail) Heavy dust storm / sandstorm Volcanic ash cloud Volcanic activity
61
What is ground based weather radar (WSR)
Doppler detection of location and movement of water droplets Returns: Weak = blue /green Strong = red/magenta
62
What gives the greatest weather radar return
1) we hail 2) rain 3) hail 4) wet snow 5) dry hail 6! Dry snow
63
What are the limitations of weather radar
Black areas don’t mean no weather threats Strong returns (heavy precipitation) can mask other areas of significant weather
64
What does a lightning detector do
Some modern radar systems superimpose lightning symbols to warm of high risk areas
65
What is a stormscope / strikefinder
Points out areas of likely lightning Simple lightning detector Inexpensive /light = good for light aircraft
66
What does a geostationary satellite do
Photographs 1/3rd is earths surface 35,786km above surface
67
What is a polar orbiting satellite
Passes over the same point of earth 2 times a day 850 km above surface Closer than geostationary Better pictures Able to see clouds better
68
In what ways can a satellite observe the earth
Visual: - reflect light - useful for seeing cloud patterns and weather fronts - only during daylight hours Infrared - shading shows cloud intensity - grey = low level cloud (warmer) White = high level cloud (colder) Don’t know the different between no cloud and low cloud
69
What would volcanic ash look like on a satellite
Grey streak Warm (might not appear in infrared)

ATPL Meteorology (8 decks)

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