Fronts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incline of a warm front typical

A

1:150

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2
Q

What speed does a pressure system typically move at

A

10-15knots

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3
Q

What speed does a warm front travel at

A

2/3 the speed of a polar front depression

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4
Q

What are the hazards of a warm front

A

Freezing rain in winter

Low cloud over large areas

Icing in cloud

Poor visibility in heavy rain / low cloud / fog

Aqua planing on wet runways

CAT around jet stream

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5
Q

What happens to pressure as a warm front approach’s

A

Pressure reduces

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6
Q

What happens to wind direction as a warm front approach’s

A

Wind veers

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7
Q

What is the slope of a cold front

A

1: 50
1: 80

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8
Q

What happens to pressure as a big CB passes over

A

Momentary drop in pressure

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9
Q

As a whole after cold front what happens to pressure

A

Increases

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10
Q

What clouds can be expected after a cold front

A

Surface heating

Cumulus clouds

Showers

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11
Q

Where does the jet stream appear to be on a surface weather chart

A

Appears:

50-200NM begins cold front

300-500NM infront of warm front

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12
Q

Where do clouds associated with a cold front usually occur

A

50-100nm after cold front

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13
Q

What are the hazards of flying in a cold front

A

Severe turbulence in CB cloud

Severe icing in CB cloud

Lighting from thunderstorms

Abrupt changes in wind direction passing through a cold front

Windshear associated with gust fronts and microbursts

Poor vis in heavy showers

CAT around a jet stream

Aquaplaning on we runway

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14
Q

What weather can be expected in the warm sector

A

Winter = stratus = drizzle, fog, stable

Summer = fair weather cumulus

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15
Q

What is a bent back occlusion

A

Where the occlusion has grown and then been “snapped back” by the low pressure

These have worse weather than normal occlusion

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16
Q

What are warm occlusion

A

When air is colder infront of the warm front than behind the cold front forcing the air behind cold front off the ground

17
Q

What is a cold occlusion

A

When air is colder behind the cold front then air infront of warm front

18
Q

Where does the rain fall in a warm occlusion

A

All rain falls infront of the surface position of the occluded front

19
Q

Where does rain fall on w cold occlusion

A

Some rain falls behind surface position of occluded front but mostly ahead of surface position

20
Q

What occlusion is normally doing in winter

A

Warm occlusion

Colder air to east because of European land mass cooling

21
Q

What occlusion is usually found in summer

A

Cold occlusion

Air to west colder because of European land mass heating to east

22
Q

What can be found in an occlusion that’s dangerous

A

Embedded CB

23
Q

What is a polar air depression

A

Cold air over north polar waters

Moves south = goes over warmer oceans

= heats
=rises = depression

Winter only

24
Q

What is a polar outbreak

A

When a polar air depression recedes but leaves a pocket of cold air over a warm area south

Stays aloft warm air

Won’t show on surface pressure chart

Shows as low pressure at altitude

25
What are the dimensions of a polar outbreak
300-700 miles Can be From 10,000ft Can last for several days “Snow in Sahara”
26
What was established in 1952
World meteorological organisation (WMO)
27
What is the world meteorological organisation for
To standardise weather data collection
28
What happened in 1982
World area forecast system
29
What is the world area forecast system
World area forecast centres (sigwx charts) Meteorological offices (TAF) Meteorological watch offices (sigmet, airmet) Meteorological stations
30
What direction does a non occluded frontal depression move
Direction of the top 2 isobars in the warm sector