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ATPL Meteorology > Fronts > Flashcards

Fronts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incline of a warm front typical

A

1:150

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2
Q

What speed does a pressure system typically move at

A

10-15knots

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3
Q

What speed does a warm front travel at

A

2/3 the speed of a polar front depression

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4
Q

What are the hazards of a warm front

A

Freezing rain in winter

Low cloud over large areas

Icing in cloud

Poor visibility in heavy rain / low cloud / fog

Aqua planing on wet runways

CAT around jet stream

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5
Q

What happens to pressure as a warm front approach’s

A

Pressure reduces

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6
Q

What happens to wind direction as a warm front approach’s

A

Wind veers

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7
Q

What is the slope of a cold front

A

1: 50
1: 80

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8
Q

What happens to pressure as a big CB passes over

A

Momentary drop in pressure

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9
Q

As a whole after cold front what happens to pressure

A

Increases

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10
Q

What clouds can be expected after a cold front

A

Surface heating

Cumulus clouds

Showers

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11
Q

Where does the jet stream appear to be on a surface weather chart

A

Appears:

50-200NM begins cold front

300-500NM infront of warm front

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12
Q

Where do clouds associated with a cold front usually occur

A

50-100nm after cold front

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13
Q

What are the hazards of flying in a cold front

A

Severe turbulence in CB cloud

Severe icing in CB cloud

Lighting from thunderstorms

Abrupt changes in wind direction passing through a cold front

Windshear associated with gust fronts and microbursts

Poor vis in heavy showers

CAT around a jet stream

Aquaplaning on we runway

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14
Q

What weather can be expected in the warm sector

A

Winter = stratus = drizzle, fog, stable

Summer = fair weather cumulus

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15
Q

What is a bent back occlusion

A

Where the occlusion has grown and then been “snapped back” by the low pressure

These have worse weather than normal occlusion

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16
Q

What are warm occlusion

A

When air is colder infront of the warm front than behind the cold front forcing the air behind cold front off the ground

17
Q

What is a cold occlusion

A

When air is colder behind the cold front then air infront of warm front

18
Q

Where does the rain fall in a warm occlusion

A

All rain falls infront of the surface position of the occluded front

19
Q

Where does rain fall on w cold occlusion

A

Some rain falls behind surface position of occluded front but mostly ahead of surface position

20
Q

What occlusion is normally doing in winter

A

Warm occlusion

Colder air to east because of European land mass cooling

21
Q

What occlusion is usually found in summer

A

Cold occlusion

Air to west colder because of European land mass heating to east

22
Q

What can be found in an occlusion that’s dangerous

A

Embedded CB

23
Q

What is a polar air depression

A

Cold air over north polar waters

Moves south = goes over warmer oceans

= heats
=rises = depression

Winter only

24
Q

What is a polar outbreak

A

When a polar air depression recedes but leaves a pocket of cold air over a warm area south

Stays aloft warm air

Won’t show on surface pressure chart

Shows as low pressure at altitude

25
Q

What are the dimensions of a polar outbreak

A

300-700 miles

Can be From 10,000ft

Can last for several days

“Snow in Sahara”

26
Q

What was established in 1952

A

World meteorological organisation (WMO)

27
Q

What is the world meteorological organisation for

A

To standardise weather data collection

28
Q

What happened in 1982

A

World area forecast system

29
Q

What is the world area forecast system

A

World area forecast centres (sigwx charts)

Meteorological offices (TAF)

Meteorological watch offices (sigmet, airmet)

Meteorological stations

30
Q

What direction does a non occluded frontal depression move

A

Direction of the top 2 isobars in the warm sector

ATPL Meteorology (8 decks)

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